Introduction Nursing is the core of flow of information in most health care facilities therefore, if nursing informatics is developed, it will augment the availability of information to nurses for clinical practice, education, management and research ( Scholes & Barber, 2010). Informatics is a combination of computer science and information...
Introduction Telemedicine refers to “the use of telecommunication and information technologies to provide clinical health care at a distance” (Alexander 189). Telemedicine assists in bridging the gap between medical personnel and patients, especially in remote locations. It ensures that patients living in remote regions have access to regular medical services,...
Introduction Among contemporary medical technologies in the field of health protection, an important role is paid to telehealth. The main purpose of telehealth is the enforcement of the right of a person to qualified medical care in any place and at any time. Telehealth is the logical development of the...
Technology has hit many sectors of the economy. The medical sector has not been spared either as it has experienced massive technology change, which has in turn reformed the way they operate. Through the usage of these new technologies, there has been considerable betterment of the way the operation of...
Introduction Millions and Millions of patients visit public and private hospitals annually with various medical conditions. To facilitate quality diagnosis and treatment of patient’s ailments there need be a proper system of obtaining and capturing the patient’s medical records. This case study analyzes whether it is advisable for system development...
Introduction Information technologies cover all areas of human life, and healthcare is no exception to the rule. Doctors and their patients can benefit significantly from the use of mobile apps and other programs for the treatment of various diseases. However, the development of new tools intended to facilitate the process...
M-Health is a catchword title of the term “mobile health,” which is one of the fields of e-Health. It includes medical services such as monitoring, disease prevention, diagnostics, using mobile devices, and wireless data transmission technologies. To use m-Health technologies, a patient needs a mobile device such as a smartphone,...
Health informatics has become one of the most influential fields of healthcare management due to its importance in organizing and analyzing health records to improve health outcomes. The medical information systems tend to lag behind possible innovations, but the utilization of the new technologies significantly improves them. This practice is...
Medical record review, also known as retrospective chart review, is a study type in which researchers do not collect new data but instead rely on patient-centred information that was already collected. This data may come from a variety of sources, such as databases of health providers and information published by...
Telehealth or telemedicine refers to the use of information and telecommunication technologies to deliver health care services at a distance. It gained widespread support over the two previous decades, primarily as a way of supporting patients in remote settings (Graves & Doucet, 2016). Although telehealth offers substantial advantages, such as...
Despite substantial progress over the past years, insurance claim denials remain a topical issue for both patients and healthcare institutions. As for the former, this problem entails the lack of financial security and the potential inability to receive proper treatment. As for health service providers, insurance claim denials account for...
The current on-going COVID-19 crisis shows the critical importance of technology and its availability in combatting the virus. The disruption of global supply chain networks created a major deficit in a wide range of medically necessary items starting from masks to artificial ventilation machines. Therefore, it is essential for the...
Today, technology and healthcare are inseparable, and providing the high-quality patient care without Informatics seems challenging. Nurses are specifically taught to “utilize informatics skills in their practice” (Masters, 2015, p.301). I felt the effect of informatics on my workplace environment when electronic medical records (EMRs) replaced the paper based ones....
At the Millennium of technical progress, any aspect of human’s life can not remain untouchable. Digital inventions modify the world every day. There are dozens of examples such as cell phones, computers, the Internet. Changes happen in the medical industry as well. One the most recent approaches stand for the...
Modern technology changes the shape of every activity. Some changes make it easier to work; some provide certain risks. With the expansion of high-tech devices in the healthcare system, not only doctors and nurses but patients as well face the necessity to understand how the technology works. However, it is...
Mission and Goals The Select Specialty Hospital is a health care organization that specializes in acute care for patients with various health problems. In this assignment, the attention will be paid on the Select Specialty Hospital’s pulmonary rehabilitation after trauma service. The paramount aim of the identified organization and the...
Technology plays a big role in our society because almost everything we do involves technology. It is not constant as it keeps on improving and as it changes, so do our lifestyles change for the better mostly. Technology has a huge variety, it may include; communication or just chemicals. It...
New heart scanning technology opens new opportunities for the population to monitor and prevent heart attacks. The main problem is that in many cases it is difficult to predict cardiovascular changes and possible risks associated with heart failure and reductions in coronary blood flow. New heart scanning technologies allow doctors...
How do you envision Social Media be integrated at the Point of Care? Are there any examples and/or models that already exist? Social media tools that can be implemented in healthcare include various networking and media-sharing platforms, blogs, article databases, and so on. A great variety of media may be...
Scenario for Mrs. Goodwine mHealth Application Teaching Evaluation References Diabetes Monitor. (2017). Web. Eng, D., & Lee, J. (2013). The promise and peril of mobile health applications for diabetes and endocrinology. Pediatric Diabetes, 14(4), 231-238. Web.
Problem Nowadays, the issues of health care and insurance in this sphere are very significant as far as the growing number of natural and technological disasters and armed conflicts bring more people to the need of an effective health care system and health insurance industry. To make their work more...
Healthcare technology, especially its user-technology interface, needs to be usable and functional. There exist different approaches to evaluating such qualities, and one of them is the human factors method (Harte et al., 2017; Punchoojit & Hongwarittorrn, 2017). The present paper will use a specific example of a user-technology interface and...
Informed consent At the heart of a respectful relationship between a patient and a provider of healthcare lies the principle of shared decision making. And informed consent is its practical application. There are some ethical principles of informed consent that are universal and which both patients and medical staff can...
Electronic health records (EHRs) are a relatively well-tested method of keeping medical records that are reported to have multiple benefits. In particular, recent evidence suggests that EHRs are somewhat likely to improve specific quality outcomes. Such outcomes include advanced continuity of care, better guideline adherence, and more efficient and time-efficient...
Introduction Artificial intelligence or AI is the use of algorithms and software solutions to enable computers to analyze data and make conclusions without people’s help. Nowadays, AI is increasingly used in healthcare, and the purpose of such technologies is to improve clinical decision-making and reduce the impact of the human...
Scenario for Mr. Willis mHealth Application Teaching Evaluation References Cardio Mobile. (2017). Web. McCarthy, K. (2016). 5 of the best smartphone apps for heart disease patients. Web.
Introduction In a few decades since its advent, computers and computer based technologies have demonstrated tremendous potential for aiding the development and progress of humankind. This potential has translated into the computers and computer based technologies pervading nearly every sphere of human activity. Healthcare is an important facet of human...
Apply Quality Improvement The use of technology in nursing is one of the key elements of the successful provision of care. Meaningful use is one of the incentives aimed at making technology integration successful and efficient. The meaningful use incentive presupposes the use of a certified EHR (electronic health record)...
The present paper is devoted to a short analysis of four TED presentations by Christakis (2010), Cukier (2014), Golbeck (2013), and Selanikio (2014), who discuss the topic of data analytics. Two of the authors consider the issue directly in the context of healthcare, but it is possible to apply the...
What is your opinion of the Beacon Community Cooperative Agreement Program? Beacon Community Cooperative Agreement Program (BCCAP) that complies with HITECH Act was completed in 2014, which resulted in the creation of 17 Beacon Communities (ONC & HHS, 2014). I suppose that BCCAP is significant in focusing on smaller units...
The Purpose of the Program The purpose of the program is to increase the skill of computer operation among the nursing staff at the Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, Florida. While the computer operation level of younger nurses is often sufficient, more veteran nurses have experienced a certain level of...
Healthcare technology addresses different problems and makes solutions more accessible. Technological interventions exist for fall prevention (Bernocchi et al., 2019). Falls disproportionately affect certain populations, and falls in older adults with arthritis are very common because of the associated balance impairment (Manlapaz, Sole, Jayakaran, & Chapple, 2019; Quach & Burr,...
Healthcare delivery to patients with chronic diseases is often a time-consuming and tiresome process since healthcare professionals struggle to perform essential diagnostics and select proper treatment. To improve the overall quality of care for individuals with multiple illnesses, practitioners attempt to incorporate a series of advancements in management, technology, and...
Introduction In order to improve care quality and optimize resources, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) that prescribes using the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) was introduced in 2015. The employees of Home Health Aides (HHAs) are largely resistant to implement electronic documentation in their practice due to a lack...
Apply Quality Improvement The presented case indicates that the EMR used in the hospital is ineffective. The use of a different system can make a difference for this institution. The term “meaningful use” refers to the use of specialized electronic health record (EHR) technology to maximize safety, promote efficiency, improve...
Introduction to the Project There are several studies that have shown the benefits of the use of electronic health records (EHR) for patients’ safety, as well as their ability to improve efficiency in primary care settings (Porterfield, Engelbert, & Coustasse, 2014). Regardless of the positive effects of the implementation of...
What is the purpose of this research? The article written by Pals et al. (2015) focuses on the identification of the users’ perception of technologies used for risk assessment. In particular, attention is paid to the discussion of the usefulness of the Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) that measures heart rate...
Scenario for Mr. Richards Mr. Richards is a 35-year-old male diagnosed with high blood pressure He did not feel well during the past week due to his blood pressure, so he went to a hospital He works as a financial analyst at a large international company (stressful job) He cannot...
Technology is widely used in modern healthcare to address all of a patient’s necessities and perform complex treatment operations. The majority of the spectrum of healthcare technologies is going to be used during acute care. These include tools that monitor a patient’s health, various scanning and performance equipment, as well...
Jackson Memorial Hospital Jackson Memorial Hospital has presented a health information initiative that focuses on coordination care, the lowering of resource utilization and having the ability to avoid emergency department visits. Jackson Memorial Hospital will be utilizing an electronic Health record System that shares information throughout Jackson and Community providers....
Scenario mHealth Application Teaching Evaluation References Caffrey, M. (2017) Welldoc’s Bluestar seeks to empower patients with type 2 diabetes through real-time coaching, provider feedback. Web. Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Type 2 diabetes. Web.
Introduction M-health refers to the medical and public fitness progression that is backed by mobile devices, for instance, smartphones, patient monitoring gadgets, personal digital support, and other wireless tools. With more than four billion mobile phone users across the globe, the application of the devices as a means of health...
Introduction The emergence of health information technology has revolutionized the way patients’ data is collected, documented, stored, retrieved, viewed, managed, shared, and utilized. Consequently, healthcare providers can select from the many available applications to enhance the way they deliver care to patients. One such application, electronic health records (EHR), is...
Telehealth incorporates a wide range of services that employ telecommunication technology. In this paper, the use of telehealth for fall prevention will be considered by discussing an article by Bernocchi et al. (2019). This source will be reviewed in detail, and a mind map of the technology’s application will be...
The technology of telehealth or Telemedicine is being applied actively in healthcare. There are various studies that examine the influence of telemedicine on participants: the results demonstrate that telehealth can provide better results than an on-site treatment. Although it might sound doubtful, Davis et al. (2011) conducted a study about...
Introduction The top areas of cancer computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), which seem to be most often discussed and particularly well translated to practice, are breast, lung, and colon cancer diagnosing (Giger, 2015, p. 409). With respect to machine learning (ML), Giger (2015) suggests that it is applicable to the case of...
What is meaningful use? Meaningful use, as it can be interpreted in the context of health information technology, refers to a minimum set of standards for the use of electronic medical records to improve the process of sharing information about patients between all stakeholders involved (Murdoch & Detsky, 2013). Meaningful...
Introduction Today, technological progress affects virtually every sphere of human activities, and many professions change with the development of technologies. Within recent decades, the landscape of nursing has evolved to a significant extent due to the introduction of various technological advancements and innovations, which brought about many discussions about different...
What have you found to be the most valuable contributions of the initiative to build upon as the press for health information exchange continues to progress in this country? The Nationwide Health Information Network (NwHIN) is a most significant Health Information Exchange (HIE) initiative that was developed by the Office...
The need for guaranteeing patient safety through error-free services can be understood well only by examining the topic of bar code medication administration (BCMA). This subject introduces to readers and other interested parties technology-based approaches that serve the purpose of minimizing faulty prescriptions by confirming electronically that the health officer...
One of the most common examples of wasted efforts that I see is the time spent on technological issues and problems that arise when nurses use electronic documentation or any other tools that require personal computers or laptops. As computers can lag due to overuse, clinical practice and data transmittance...
Apply Quality Improvement This task has been devoted to the assessment of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) in terms of its acceptance, errors, and availability of information. The paper is aimed to define the term “meaningful use.” Besides, it will dwell upon the importance of the issues mentioned in the task....
The paper is devoted to the improvement of care delivery models regarding children under the age of 5 years old. The fact is that the lack of clinical competence among parents and their inability to provide appropriate care to children significantly impact this group’s health. For this reason, the change...
The modern healthcare sector significantly benefits from the extensive use of technologies that promote better results and precondition the introduction of new approaches to performing important activities. For this reason, robotics is one of the most topical issues peculiar to the work of modern health units and specialists. It can...
As nursing labor is becoming increasingly intertwined with modern technology, new possibilities for more effective delivery of care open up. As such, telenursing, which might not be associated with cutting-edge technology, is still regarded by some scholars as a prominent mode of caregiving (Balenton & Chiappelli, 2017). In this paper,...
Introduction With the rise of digital devices and the internet, many industries crucial for humanity and the quality of human living have also begun to transform. One of the recent approaches that combine IT, remote monitoring, and other technologies (i.e., electronic devices, the Internet) is the population health analytics that...
The management of food and drugs represents a complicated issue that requires rigid guidelines and well-established standards. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines the policies toward food and drug management, including the approval of drugs and the identification of food-related threats to the American population....
Medication errors are a burden for hospitalized patients being a costly and frequent problem. Therefore, many attempts are made to reduce the incidence of medication errors and thus improve patient outcomes and the quality of care that are the major concerns of the contemporary health care system. One of the...
Scenario mHealth Application Teaching Evaluation References Misra, S., & Abuel, V. (2017). App Review: DrawMD. Web. Visible Health. (n.d.). DrawMD. Web.
Analyzing HRSA Data Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) website provides extensive data regarding programs, services, and other health care initiatives, sorting information by geography: HHS regions, states, congressional districts, counties, and ZIP codes. HRSA’s activities in Clark County, Nevada involve awarded grants and details such as their amount, distribution,...
Introduction Information technology (IT) is becoming increasingly important in the healthcare industry. While this provides many opportunities for enhancing existing approaches to care, one must understand the dangers and other implications of IT. Organizations such as the Joint Commission and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) aim to...
The introduction of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) techniques creates opportunities for avoiding a range of errors that may occur during the manual input of the necessary data (Mozaffar, Cresswell, Lee, Williams, & Sheikh, 2016). That being said, innovative technology also implies dealing with certain challenges. For instance, the lack...
Modern technologies continue to improve the quality of medical services available to different patients. Institutions and departments embracing the power of health informatics solve numerous problems, streamline care delivery procedures and improve patients’ outcomes. The selected topic for this paper is that of computerized provider order entry (CPOE). This refers...
Scenario mHealth Application Teaching Evaluation Reference Henry, A. (2013). Snorelab tracks your snoring, helps you find out which sleep tips work. Web.
How do industry initiatives compare and/or contrast with one another? Nowadays there is a tendency among HIT software vendors to create coalitions or alliances such as the CommonWell Health Alliance (2015) or the Sequoia Project’s Carequality. These alliances aim to embrace the entire healthcare community and ensure the seamlessness of...
I agree with Michael’s review of Prause’s (2016) paper: in my opinion, this blog post helps to distinguish between digitization and digitalization and presents the information in a way that is easy to comprehend. It appears that the author intended to provide the simple definitions, and this assumption can be...
Scenario for Ms. Wong mHealth Application Teaching Evaluation References Food and Health. (n.d.). What we learned about fooducate. Web. Fooducate. (n.d.). Eat better. Lose weight. Get healthy. Web.
Quality Improvement Meaningful use refers to the application of electronic health records (EHR) for the enhancement of the quality of services, by improving safety, competence among the inter-professional teams, and ensuring that health disparities are eliminated. Meaningful use also involves the need for the practitioners to involve the patient and...
Scenario mHealth Application Teaching Evaluation References AliveCor. (n.d.). KardiaMobile. Web. Van Slooten, T. (2018). AliveCor KardiaMobile heart monitor review 2018. Web.
Introduction: Computerized Physician Order Entry and Nursing Recent technological developments have allowed for the creation of numerous tools that can positively influence nursing care, such as electronic health records, telehealth, and similar technologies. Computerized provider order entry (CPOE), or computerized physician order entry, is one such tool. How is a...
Web-based interventions are an important tool that nurses can use to improve the quality of life in their patients (Fredericks, Martorella, & Catallo, 2014; Yin, Goldsmith, & Gambardella, 2015). In order to do so, nurses can target patients and their caregivers. Web-based education (WBE) for caregivers can achieve multiple aims,...
Information systems can contribute to the improvement of care delivery by increasing the speed of care, its quality, and patient safety (Westra et al., 2015). The material resources that are connected to information systems (especially the equipment) are expected to contribute to the quality of healthcare and patient outcomes when...
Introduction Translation science is focused on the process of translating evidence-supported interventions into practice; translation science both tests said interventions and studies the barriers, facilitators, and other aspects of their adoption (Titler, 2014; Titler, Adams, & Cameron, 2014). The current paper suggests focusing on the barriers and facilitators relevant to...
What is the purpose of this research? The purpose of the study by Pals et al. (2015) was to check whether patients and doctors would perceive a device (“Vagus”) as useful for detecting CAN (cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy). What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit...
Nowadays, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of nursing informatics. As the use of information technology in nursing grows and significantly enhances the usual procedures, the need for skilled workforce increases as well. Two of the roles that are central to the process are those of a nursing informatics...
Introduction Nursing informatics is a new field that is empowering more caregivers to deliver evidence-based patient care. Medical practitioners and nurses should possess appropriate competencies in order to support their patients. Modern technologies are transforming various healthcare processes and procedures (Bizer, Boncz, Brodie, & Erling, 2011). The targeted behavior for...
General Aspects of the Technology Topic Telemedicine: digital technology for medical observations; Helps determine the most suitable treatment; Considers biometric data and its analysis; High satisfaction rate/cost-effectiveness (Jacoby, 2017); Rapidly intervening into the medical sphere; Growing segment (Grand View Research, 2016). Telemedicine is a digital solution that collects observations and...
What Is Standardized Nursing Terminology? Standardized nursing terminology, also known as standardized nursing language, refers to common terms that nurses use to describe care. A core characteristic of nursing terminology is that all nurses understand it regardless of what unit or hospital they work in. It is important because it...
Knowledge management is incredibly important for nursing, especially for evidence-based practice (Nelson & Staggers, 2016). The key components of knowledge management include its acquisition (for example, through education) and sharing and dissemination (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Moreover, knowledge management also involves the development of knowledge (search for it through, for...
Introduction In this paper, YouTube videos are used to define the concepts of the data warehouse (DW), data mart (DM), and ETLs. To choose the videos, I paid attention to the authors, the number of subscribers and views, the informative and visual quality of the video, and its connection to...
By paying attention to the current and future trends in nursing informatics, DNP-prepared nurses can stay informed and effectively employ them in advanced nursing practice. One of the helpful initiatives in this regard is the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER). TIGER is aimed at improving nursing education from the...
Web-based continuing education (WBCE) for nurses is an option that is becoming increasingly popular, which might be attributed to its convenience, flexibility, and specific resources (Chiu & Tsai, 2014; Liaw et al., 2015). Consequently, WBCE receives the attention of investigators, and they develop and test WBCE courses. It can be...
Executive Summary The present paper is a Business Case document. It examines the opportunity for adopting new EHR at a Psychiatry Department, and two possible options are suggested for consideration: Practice Fusion EHR by Practice Fusion and PowerChart by Cerner. The Business Case considers the opportunity in the context of...
Current and emerging technologies to support safe practice environments The technologies in the sphere of medicine are used for three reasons. First and foremost, patient safety should be optimized. Secondly, the issue regarding the costs should be taken into consideration. Finally, the technologies should improve the health outcome of the...
Web-based patient education (WBPE) has been evidenced to make patients better informed, resulting in improved decision-making and empowerment (Yin, Goldsmith, & Gambardella, 2015). Moreover, WBPE can result in improved quality of life (Cristancho-Lacroix et al., 2015). Since it is innovative, WBPE is transforming healthcare, but still, it is in line...
Translation science can be defined as “a field of research that focuses on testing implementation interventions” in order to “explicate what implementation strategies work for whom, in what settings, and why” (Titler, 2014, p. 270). The aim of translation science consists of promoting the adoption and successful use of evidence-based...
In order to test evidence-based interventions and determine the facilitators and barriers to evidence-based practice, translation science employs multiple methods (Titler, Adams, & Cameron, 2014). Some of them include bundles of care, which refer to groups of practices that benefit from being implemented together, clinical pathways, which can be described...
From the perspective of evidence-based practice, information systems are invaluable. Indeed, they can be viewed as a part of the evidence-based practice since their introduction in nursing processes tends to enhance the latter, but it is also a source of valuable data, including nursing data (Westra et al., 2015). The...
At my workplace, the electronic health record (EHR) technology was introduced some time ago, and it appears to have a notable influence on the environment of advanced practice nurses at my correctional institution. EHRs are a type of information system that is rather widespread in the US nowadays (Westra et...
Some of the aspects of information systems that have a particularly notable impact on nursing research and education include the collection, systematization, and provision of the data to inform decision-making. Apart from that, information systems can help in finding the resources that would facilitate decision-making. For example, A DNP-prepared nurse...
Within the advanced nursing practice environment, especially when nursing informatics is concerned, the human factor is often considered a restricting phenomenon since it is prone to result in mistakes (Wachter & Gupta, 2017). However, Wachter and Gupta (2017) highlight the fact that the human factor can and should be taken...
Geographic Information System for Health and Human Services The GIS lessons on the healthcare costs are concerned with the analysis of the patterns the geographic distribution of Medicare costs; apart from that, they are aimed at data displaying, classification and analysis skills building (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc, 2016c) The...
Enhanced portability and accessibility of electronic health records (EHR) are beneficial for improving their performance. However, it is the central ethical concern regarding broad implementation and use of EHR, as there are risks of unauthorized disclosure of private health information (PHI). Therefore, failing to guarantee the security of provided PHI...
Technology Term Definition and PurposeExplain each term in your own words using complete sentences. Health Care ExampleIdentify an example of each term and discuss how it is used in a health care setting. ReferencesProvide two APA formatted references to support your claims for each term. Clinical decision support Clinical decision...
As an integral part of the health care sector, information systems play a significant role in complications prevention. Precisely speaking, such procedures as patient monitoring, diagnosis coding, and electronic health record should be utilized to enhance the health care delivery among the marked patients. In order to achieve the visibility...
Inpatient Clinical Information System Description The system is meant to control admission, discharge, and transfer of patients. It provides an opportunity to schedule beds and hospital resources. The system allows us to calculate bills and track other types of patient information. Significance The automation of tracking and planning hospital functionalities...
Introduction Modern technology-based information systems can significantly improve the quality of health care provided to patients (Lu, Hsiao, & Chen, 2012). Such systems may include electronic health record (EHR) systems, computerized physician order entry services, or other examples of applying technology to procedures normally performed in health care facilities. EHR...
Clinical Decision Support Software: Introduction Contemporary clinical decision support software is designed “to support safe, evidence-based, patient-centered care by examining patient-specific information, agency-specific information, and domain-specific information in the clinical context” (Shortliffe & Cimino, 2014, p. 496). The mentioned aspects of information are used for everyday decision-making by healthcare professionals....
Introduction The healthcare industry has undergone significant improvements with the technological revolution of the 21st century. Innovations in this sector have huge impacts on people’s health. One of the important inventions in this industry is electronic health records (EHR). While earlier innovations focused on drugs and equipment, EHR has revolutionized...
Abstract A personal health record is a system that allows patients to access, save, handle, and share information about their wellbeing with physicians. It enables doctors to track the medical history of a patient, thereby making informed decisions. Many people believe that a PHR empowers patients, giving them full control...
Introduction Aspden et al. (2004), in their 2003 Institute of Medicine of the National Academies patient safety report described electronic medical records as a system which encompasses, “a longitudinal collection of electronic health information for and about persons which can be immediately accessed by people with the help of an...
The use of information systems has transformed the quality of care available to many patients. The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is used in hospitals to document the nature of medical support and patient outcomes. EMRs make it easier for physicians to understand the health needs of their patients and deliver...