Just as a mechanic diagnoses a car to understand what is wrong with it and how to fix it, diagnostics in healthcare allows doctors to identify what is happening with a patient and develop a treatment plan. This vital tool has transformed medicine over the last few decades.
Without diagnostics, many conditions would go unacknowledged or be misdiagnosed, leading to less effective or even harmful treatments. As diagnostics continue to evolve, it will likely play an even more significant role in improving healthcare for everyone.
A genetic neuromuscular disorder that affects motor neurons, nerve cells responsible for voluntary muscle control, is called Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Muscle wasting, or atrophy, is caused by the loss of motor neurons, which results in weakness or complete inability to move the muscles involved in walking, sitting, arm movement,...
J.W. is a pleasant, 56-year-old male who presents to the office for a one month follow up on Blood Pressure and lab results. Patient’s lab results are within normal range except Lipid panel and HAIC. Patient’s blood pressure is elevated after checking it in the office BP 168/102. Patient decided...
Nausea is a painful sensation in the stomach and throat that may be accompanied by weakness, increased salivation, and sweating and often precedes vomiting, which is a sudden involuntary emptying of the stomach. According to Sanger and Andrews (2018), “nausea and vomiting involve multiple organs and systems, including the central...
Diagnostic interviews are central to the diagnostic process, allowing a mental health specialist to explore the patient’s concerns, background, and current situation. The goal of this method is to identify symptoms and problems to develop objectives for an action plan and determine treatment options (Sue et al., 2019). It is...
Clinical application Mobility assessment is a fundamental and integral component in doing a physical examination in healthcare vicinities. Inclinometer and goniometric measurements are essential in examining mobility and joint integrity, and they enable a clinician to choose the proper physical therapy intervention. The instruments allow the recognition of impairment, and...
Colonoscopy is an examination of paramount importance in diagnosing and preventing colon polyps and rectal cancer (Stark et al., 2020). The prevalence of colon cancer increases, especially in the age group over 40-50 years: To perform this procedure, a long, flexible tubular instrument is used, having a camera at its...
The case is centered around a 12-year-old boy suffering from urticarial, and although he is not experiencing any form of swelling or shortness of breath, the hives are apparent and persist for approximately half an hour. It is important to note that there are two sets of causes in regard...
Introduction While dealing with patients, multiple diagnoses can be made based on people’s health conditions. This situation also refers to Mr. W, who complains of feeling extremely tired and gaining weight. The paper will demonstrate that type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause these symptoms. The...
This paper looks at a case where a 50-year-old woman complains of waking up at night with a bitter taste in her mouth about four times a week for the past two months. It prevents her from sleeping, and she is worried. As a solution to this problem, it is...
Serological Lab Work The serological test for patient A and patient B would include non-Treponema and Treponema tests to ascertain the stage of syphilis. Syphilis shares similarities with Treponema and non-Treponema diseases; hence, it is important that the interpretation of laboratory results is made in regard to the patient’s history....
There are several ways to examine the patient’s gastrointestinal tract, and the use of Gastrografin is one of the available mediums. Gastrografin is a brand name for such contrast agents as diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (Almafreji et al., 2020). This solution is effective for oral and rectal administration when...
Mr. C. is a 32-year-old male who seeks information regarding possible bariatric surgery. He is overweight and has a number of related complications. The examination showed that his health parameters, including BMI, blood pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol level, serum creatinine, and blood urine nitrogen, are abnormal. Based on Mr....
Subjective Portion The subjective portion of the note lacks some crucial information. Generalized abdominal pain should be addressed in a detailed manner to determine the possible diagnoses from the vast of those characterized by this symptom. In the HPI section, there is data of the patient’s age – 47 years...
The primary difference between the treatment of acute and chronic cases in primary care is associated with the nature of the two types of health conditions. Acute issues are characterized by severe symptoms and a considerable threat to patients’ health and life (Burns & Delgado, 2015). Some examples of such...
Introduction Head-to-toe assessment is an important facet of nursing practice. The procedure should be conducted when the nurse and the patient interact for the first time. A thorough evaluation entails checking the emotional, mental, and physical aspects of the patient’s body (Weber & Kelley, 2007). In addition, the healthcare provider...
Client identifying data Client assignation: Mr. Rodriguez. Age: 37 years old. Current residence: Hartford, CT. Race: Hispanic (Puerto-Rican). Sex: Male. Religious affiliation: Catholic. Marital status: Divorced. Data collection method Interview Overview of the case in question The person, whom I interviewed and whose case I will assess, is a 37-year-old...
History and Physical – (Example – 1) Subjective HPI Example: A 17 years old secondary school male student complains about left earache over the last 4 days. He consistently experiences hearing loss which is followed by an injury of the temporal side of his head. The trauma occurred when he...
Introduction The article under review was authored by three researchers including Johnson Stephanie, Matthew Cooper, and Elizabeth Davis. They sought to research on the long-term results of a diabetes diagnosis known as Insulin Pump Therapy. In particular, they used a large population to investigate these outcomes in relation to the...
Human health is a very important factor which should be given the first priority by any government that minds its people. This is because when people in a given nation are protected from diseases and receive proper treatment whenever they are sick, they will be in a good position to...
Brief Introduction The nurse’s professional activity is related not only to the provision of appropriate care for the patient but also to the establishment of the primary diagnosis, confirmed by analysis of laboratory data and information on the pathophysiology. In this case, Mr. C. has overweight problems, which at first...
A 63-year old patient admitted to the ICU demonstrates the symptoms of COPD exacerbation and acute decompensated heart failure. The clinical manifestations present in Mrs. J. include an increased body temperature of 37.6 C that indicates a pathological process, an increased and irregular heart rate of 118, and low blood...
Introduction In order to develop a cohesive care plan that addresses the core health concerns of a family, it is necessary to understand the structure and the general health behaviors. The aim of this assessment is to analyze the main characteristics of a selected family that would be essential for...
This case study is about a 22-year-old patient Ricardo Ortego, who complains of a sore throat that he has had for twenty-four hours and pain when swallowing. The first step in diagnosing such patients is differentiating between the cause of sore throat, which can be an infection, or another reason...
Differential Diagnosis and Preliminary Diagnosis The differential diagnosis includes urethritis, vaginitis, a more extensive UTI, and acute cystitis. First of all, if it were urethritis, it would probably be caused by a sexually transmitted pathogen, which is unlikely in this specific case. Neither the patient’s history and circumstances nor any...
In this patient’s case, the symptoms that will help determine the primary and differential diagnoses are sore throat and issues, and pain when swallowing. Tonsillitis is the diagnosis for the patient in the discussed case study, which was determined through the evaluation of symptoms and by reviewing the lab results....
Introduction Simulation is one of the ways technology has been used to better health education. It involves using environments, devices, and tools that imitate the essential aspects of the study areas. Simulation learning has been embraced in health education both in classroom study and clinical practice. This is due to...
Health Policy Evidence-based practice (EBP), research, and quality improvement are useful methods to enhance patient outcomes. It is important to select a proper method that will depend on the intent of a care provider, specific settings, and health problems of patients (Ginex, 2017). For example, in case a patient diagnosed...
As the patient’s chief complaints in the discussed case study include sore throat, tiredness, and painful swallowing, further examination will focus on detecting other symptoms connected to this condition. The rapid development of the symptoms, body temperature of 38 degrees centigrade, and enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes show signs of...
Pain and discomfort in the legs can be associated with a variety of factors. To determine the cause of the pain, it is necessary to study the patient’s history. Secondly, a detailed analysis of all the symptoms needs to be conducted. The purpose of this essay is to review and...
Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Boyko, T. V., Longaker, M. T., & Yang, G. P.Advances in Wound Care. Web. Moore, Z. E., & Patton, D.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Web. Hariri, A., Chen, F., Moore,...
Patient The patient, Sarah, is a 28-year-old African American woman with a past medical history of asthma and type 2 diabetes. She admits that she does not check her blood sugar level regularly and takes her medications when she remembers. Her chief complaint is a wound on her left foot...
Critical Analysis of a Case Study Radiographers are presented with many challenges as professionals and must conduct their work in the most precise way. These specialists have been increasingly involved in the patients’ clinical management, which subsequently exposes them to new liabilities, responsibilities, and a higher risk of legal claims....
Introduction Overweight and obesity are widespread health problems throughout the world. They have an especially negative effect on children as they may lead to asthma, heart diseases, diabetes, and excess weight in adulthood. Besides, they may result in inferiority complex or other psychological problems as overweight children often become objects...
The seminar was devoted to respiratory problems, their varieties, causes, common patient complaints, and their management. The main complaints characteristic of respiratory diseases include cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis (Dunphy et al., 2019). Cough occurs as a defensive reaction when mucus accumulates in the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or when a foreign...
Factors Increasing Pelvic Organ Prolapse Pelvic organ prolapse is a medical condition that may be caused by several reasons. Some of the factors contributing to an increase in pelvic organ prolapse chances are “The damage of the supporting fascial-ligamentous structures of the pelvis predispose to POP,4 and the risk factors...
Introduction This is the formation of a blood clot in the body, usually in the deep veins. They mainly occur in the vessels of the lower limb (Office of the Surgeon General, 2008). Thrombophlebitis occurs when the vein swells and becomes inflamed. This condition is fatal and the most lethal...
Definition A concussion is well-defined as a traumatic injury to the brain or an intense shaking of the body that changes brain functionality. This kind of injury is prone to individuals who take part in sporting activities. It is a serious injury that may lead to death if not properly...
Assessment Subjective data: The patient is Jessica, 32 years old woman who has a vision loss in her left eye. She states that she had no previous traumas or injuries. She also did not tear the eye or use any chemicals. Her eye vision started to worsen since this morning....
Subjective Chief Complaint “I feel weak, and a pressure in my pelvis.” HPICC The case of a 72-year-old female with a past medical history of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis comes to visit for pelvic discomfort and weakness starting one week ago. She was feeling well and active, but this time she just...
A presumptive nursing diagnosis can be made based on data analysis obtained from medical history, subjective verbal reports, and laboratory results (Herdman & Kamitsuru, 2014). This paper aims to outline three initial differential diagnoses for a patient who presents with complaints of red, itching skin areas. Diagnoses Seborrheic Dermatitis Seborrheic...
An otherwise healthy woman in her twenties, Ms. A., has been suffering menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea for 10-12 years and treating herself with aspirin. Having been taken to hospital in a time of increased physical performance with a state described as light-headedness, she was registered as having low hemoglobin (8 g/dl)...
Introduction One of the promising methods for the diagnosis of a tumor of the colon is a virtual colonoscopy – an approach based on spiral computed tomography with highly thin sections and three measurement diameters. The sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy is 93.8%, and the specificity is 96% for polyps with...
Introduction Stress is an inherent part of modern life for most people across the globe. Due to the rise in challenges that the modern global society offers to its members, many people develop anxiety and the related mental health issues, which, in turn, affect their body systems, such as nervous...
Biographical Data Date: 27/01/18 Initials: M.P. Age: 32 Date of birth: 13/04/1985 Birthplace: Tallahassee, FL Gender: Male Marital status: Married Race: Asian Religion: Baptist Occupation: Construction worker Health insurance: Yes Source of information: The patient Reliability of source of information: The information received is reliable Present Health History/Illness Reason for...
A practitioner’s ability to provide family planning services to a person younger than 18 years old without parental consent depends on the state’s policies. Guttmacher Institute (2016) reports that in 21 states and the District of Columbia minors can consent to such services, while in 25 states there are particular...
Suicide is the leading cause of death in patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, contributing to around 20% of cases (Thornton, Welch, Munn‐Chernoff, Lichtenstein, & Bulik, 2016). The issue is especially concerning, as the patient is a 16-year-old female showing the signs of an eating disorder. Thornton et al. (2016) report...
Case Presentation In the case under consideration, a young and apparently healthy woman aged 26 is delivered to the emergency clinic after she felt bad while playing golf. She complains of increased shortness of breath, low energy and the lack of enthusiasm. Moreover, the symptoms are more severe during menstruation....
Clinical Manifestations Clinical manifestations are objective symptoms of the disease as perceived by the nurse performing a medical check, or the patient in the course of their illness. In Mr. M’s scenario, clinical manifestations of the disease are as follows: Increased number of WBCs (white blood cells) in the blood...
Diagnosis Differential Diagnoses Chronic sinusitis (ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code J32) (ICD10 Data, 2017c, para. 1). The patient reported inflammation of paranasal sinuses and nasal mucosa that has been lasting for 3 months. The presence of such inflammation for at least 12 weeks is a sign of chronic rhinitis (Shi et al.,...
Abstract Diseases and conditions that affect organs, vessels, and tissues of the abdomen may be difficult to diagnose due to the complex anatomical structure of this area. However, many diseases of the abdomen can be life-threatening, and thus, timely diagnostics is essential. The present paper focuses on explaining the value...
To diagnose the HIV infection, such laboratory tests as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and WB (Western blot) are used. The use of these two tests in order to prove the results of each other is supported by many studies and the existing evidence in the field (Chacón, Mateos, & Holguín,...
One of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Grade A recommendations is the screening for high blood pressure in adults over 18 years. Hypertension is among the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide. In 2008, nearly 1 billion people of 25 years and older had hypertension, which equates to about...
Family Genetic History Family Member Description Paternal grandfather First and last initials: Alexander Orwell Birthdate: 1938 Death date: 2013 Occupation: Pharmacist Education: College Primary language: English Health summary: High blood pressure, colon cancer in 2000 (treated successfully), osteoporosis. Died of a stroke. Paternal grandmother First and last initials: Sarah Orwell...
Ms. A is a white female in her mid-twenties who looks healthy but experiences short breaths and fatigue during golf sessions. These symptoms worsen when she is menstruating. Initial examination indicates that she has an elevated body temperature (98 degrees F), low blood pressure, as well as abnormally high heart...
Introduction A nursing assessment is a primary step in diagnosing and treating a condition. If the assessment is performed correctly, it can assist in establishing differential diagnoses, determining a plan of care, and ordering further testing. The present paper details a primary assessment of a 58-year-old male who complains about...
Introduction It is worth noting that early diagnosis of the risks of developing substance or drug abuse allows timely prevention of their evolvement and serves as the basis for the implementation of targeted preventive programs. Screening tools are particularly helpful in assessing the threat of developing addictive behavior in people...
Introduction Jerome Cauthen is a 22-year-old male who has complaints associated with abdominal pain that started eight hours ago. The pain is located around his navel and epigastrium. To conclude regarding the final diagnosis, it is important to identify differential diagnoses and focus on the abdominal assessment to confirm the...
Introduction The work of nurses depends on how well they follow their patients and health changes. In this paper, attention will be paid to a 70-year-old patient, Mr. M., who lives in an assisted living facility, has not smoking habits, does not use alcohol, and has no allergies. Recently, certain...
Addressing the issue of blood pressure and high cholesterol levels implies introducing a multifaceted framework that can help to improve a patient’s well-being. The specified idea applies to the case under analysis, in which a patient, M. K., a 45-year-old woman, suffers from high blood pressure and faces several serious...
Bebe Babbit is a 27-year-old female patient who experienced frequent headaches lasting for the past several months. Symptoms of a persistent and worsening headache started to occur more frequently and lasted for longer periods. She experienced vomit, nausea; blurred vision, light and sound irritated her, while a problem disappeared only...
The tests that are taken from the patient confirm the diagnosis of anemia and indicate that her poor health is caused by the lack of blood cells. In accordance with the results of laboratory analysis, the patient has the moderate form of anemia. As Jablonka et al. (2018) remark, if...
The given case presents the information on a woman who is 33 years old. As it follows from the interview and examination, the woman does not use tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs. Nevertheless, the patient uses anti-fertility agents regularly. Among the chief complaints that have become the reason to visit...
Biographical Data Date: 28.01.2018 Initials: O.R. Age: 35 Date of birth: 16.06.1982 Birthplace: Miami, FL Gender: Female Marital status: Married (no children) Race: Caucasian Religion: Catholic, Christian Occupation: Housewife Health insurance: Medicare Source of information: Randomly selected acquaintance Reliability of source of information: The source is reliable. Present Health History/Illness...
Interview Responses What is your name? How old are you? My name is M.A. I am 52. When were you diagnosed with diabetes for the first time? What were your symptoms that made you visit a physician and make tests? I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes two years ago....
Additional Data I would like to ask the patient additional questions to obtain more subjunctive data for the diagnosis to be appropriate. I want to know if she had similar symptoms before and how long they lasted. As the woman has an allergy, I wonder if some of the mentioned...
Subjective Data The patient is most likely to say that she cannot concentrate on her household duties due to the cold and the lack of energy. This factor might influence her feeling of insecurity towards family life. She might also be willing to know whether her state would last long...
What Questions Would you Ask to Gather Diagnostic Information? In the case of Robert Ross, it would be proper to ask the patient particular questions in order to identify his diagnosis and prescribe medicine. This person has such symptoms as acute chest pain, palpitations, fever, and malaise. These signs tell...
Introduction Sixteen-year-old Jessica reports a 2-month history of fatigue, pallor, and inability to “keep up” with her team mates on the school swim team. Her last menstrual period started yesterday, and her pregnancy test is negative. The lab work that you ordered reveals an iron deficiency anemia. Treat Jessica and...
Identifying Data: 28 years old female Reasons for Seeking Health Care: Urinary symptoms; burning and pain upon passing urine, brown foul smelling vaginal discharge after sexual intercourse with a boyfriend, and lower abdominal pain. History of Present Illness: The patient came to the clinic with complain of recurrent abdominal pain...
Name:R.H. S O A P Time:1.40 p.m. Date:9/30/2017 Age:30 y/o Sex:F SUBJECTIVE CC: “I have left breast pain.” HPI: Mrs. R.H. presents to the office complaining of having left breast pain starting 2 days ago. The pain radiates to left arm and neck, is dull 3-4 / 10 decreases when...
Interview Questions It is important to ask the patient the following questions: Is your pain worse at the start or the end of urination?; How severe is your pain with urination?; When did your pain with urination start?; Do you have any blood in your urine?; What are the events...
Name: A.Z. S O A P Time:12.10 p.m. Date:9/26/2017 Age:19 y/o Sex: F SUBJECTIVE CC:“I think I may be exposed to HIV.” HPI: Mrs. A.Z. presents to the office complaining of poor sleep last few weeks because she has sexual intercourse with two different partners without protection 6 weeks ago...
Name: M.G. S O A P Time:11.20 p.m. Date:9/14/2017 Age:35 y/o Sex: F SUBJECTIVE CC: “I have excessive menstrual bleeding.” HPI: Mrs. A.C. presents to the office complaining of having increase in numbers of days and amount of bleeding since last 3 months , and since last week she is...
Response to Ryan Burris First of all, I should admit an outstanding comprehensiveness of your post. The given case revolves around a patient suffering from the limb pain. Numerous diagnoses could be given on the basis of this symptom; however, you manage to make the right decision and suggest PAD...
Risk of Spina Bifida in the Patient and General Population Due to the relevant case of Spina Bifida (SB) detected in the child of the patient’s relative (sister), it is possible to assume that the patient should be aware of the risk of the development of Spina Bifida in her...
Name:E.A. S O A P Time:11.15p.m. Date:10/12/2017 Age:26 y/o Sex:F SUBJECTIVE CC: “Vaginal itchiness and discharge.” HPICC Vaginal itchiness Case of a 26-year-old female, that presents to the office with recurrent vaginal discharge vaginal itchiness for one week. She noticed a fishy odor with the secretions. She is worried because...
Health Issue Identification and Non-Pharmacological Interventions The clinical problem to be treated is traveler’s diarrhea (TD) (the case about Marco) that manifests itself in loose stools, fever, bloating, malaise, etc. as a result of stomach infection caused by contamination. It can be observed in people who travel outside their country...
Introduction Professional nursing practice in environments characterized by a high level of clinical complexity requires strong analytical skills. Problem-based learning can assist nursing students in developing thinking patterns that will facilitate sharp diagnostic reasoning, which is essential across all specialty areas (Zunkel, Cesarotti, Rosdahl, & McGrath, 2004). The aim of...
Discussion Subjective Data It has been long established that elevated blood pressure is linked to increased incidence of headaches and migraines (Fagernaes et al., 2015). It is expected that Mr. C will share information common for hypertensive patients with headaches: anxiety, depression, lack of physical activity, and smoking among others...
Hypertension is one of the common health issues in the USA that is associated with various negative health outcomes. It has been estimated that over 80 million Americans suffer from this disorder (Clare, 2014). Hypertension is often associated with aging, but young adults and even children can be affected as...
Subjective Data Assessment An 8-year-old child presents for continuous wheezing during the last year. The mother of the child states that they were not able to visit a doctor earlier because of the lack of money. The child as well as the mother appears disordered and anxious. During the examination,...
Introduction Important Finding The patient’s genetic history strongly suggests a risk of developing type II diabetes. Hypertension is a common condition among many of its members. The patient’s father also has diabetes, and that adds risk to the development of type II diabetes. Symptoms of hypertension and is overweight, which...
Patient History and Physical Examination Patient Name: Mary Chief Complaint: Face rash. History of present illness: the rash has never occurred before. Past Medical History Mary has got tonsillectomy at age 9 for chronic strep throat infections. She has been healthy as an adult, never had children, never been hospitalized...
Medical Indications The patient was a young woman in the 33rd week of pregnancy who had gallstone disease and needed surgical treatment. The medical problem was acute: she was reporting all of the symptoms of the disease. The patient was suffering from strong pain in her hypochondrium and hepatic colic...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Smoking is the most common cause of the disorder, followed by the presence of fumes in the air as a result of poor ventilation and open fire used for cooking. The particles inhaled by the patient cause an inflammatory response and, by extension, narrowing of the...
Introduction The case under analysis presents a 76-year-old man experiencing cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. He has been often hospitalized. He observes problems in following the necessary diet and taking all the prescribed medicine according to the instructions. The case is even more complicated due to pitting edema, moist crackles...
Subjective Chief complaint: The patient does not have any major complaints. History of Present Illness (HPI): A patient is a middle-aged man. He does not have any health issues. A general overview of his systems was conducted. The overview showed that the patient was healthy. The patient’s past medical history...
Chronic diseases become one of the most threatening health issues all over the globe. In particular, insufficient health literacy unreasonably impacts older adults in the United States. The challenge is complicated by the fact that the aging population, being a vulnerable group, needs adequate patient-oriented education. At this point, nurses...
Identifying Data: R.M. Reasons for Seeking Health Care High fever, vomiting, and severe stomach ache. History of Present Illness The patient came to the clinic with a complaint of recurrent high fever, vomiting, and stomach aches for the last 6 or 7 months. The high fever often occurs in the...
What is the CC in this Case Study? A patient presented the chief complaint of bodily fatigue, twitch, and a possibility of fainting during some physical exercises. Besides, this disease might also influence weakness in one’s legs and constantly blurred vision. Moreover, it is essential to accent on infections that...
Additional Laboratory or Radiological Tests and Their Rationale A radiological test that should be performed is a chest x-ray with posteroanterior and lateral views. This mode is the recommended one in the assessment of typical bacterial pneumonia (Chavez et al., 2014). Diagnosis is made based on the clinical appearance and...