“In nursing, nursing experts that encounter a substantial burden (P) are using techniques to minimize emotional stress and controlling time methodologies (I) compared to giving the profession of theirs (C), a greater choice to boost the individual’s wellbeing (O)”. Background of Study A fulfilling work in an appealing job environment...
Problem Daily nursing practice proves that nurses face numerous situations which make them re-evaluate their experience and contemplate the change of action plan, which would work out better. Consequently, nurses choose to advocate for a policy that would ensure better health outcomes and improve care quality. Their innate instinct pushes...
The present paper analyzes the American Nephrology Nurses Association’s (ANNA) organizational structure. The chosen Association’s goal is to educate nurses in the field of nephrology because, in the future, the rise of patients with kidney diseases is expected (ANNA, n.d.). In addition to that, ANNA supports studies in nephrology and...
Abstract This paper discusses the use of statistical methods in research. The papers used are Nurses’ Perception of the Quality of Care they provide to Hospitalized Drug Addicts: Testing the Theory of Reasoned Action by Natan, Beyil, and Neta (2009) and the Attitudes and Perceptions towards Men in Nursing Education...
When Florence Nightingale first identified the nursing theories, they were meant to improve the quality of care given to patients. However, in the past years, nursing theories have gained little impact on nursing practices to the extent that newly graduated nurses think their education was useless (Greenway et al., 2019)....
Understaffing of nurses is a common problem in the United States, which increases the burden on the healthcare workers and endangers the patients. The result of understaffing is an increased workload for the nurses, which endangers patients with nosocomial infections. Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Author,...
Values Evident in the Case Judie has been working hard in order to attend to her patient’s needs. Despite the existing challenges, Judie’s nursing role has been characterized by different values and competencies. The first value in the case is integrity. She always respects the rights and dignity of her...
Metaparadigm is defined as a source of ideas that explains how discipline should function as a structure. Four theories address patients’ issues; First is the health of the patient and his or her well-being, also the patient’s environment and responsibilities of the nurse. The following components help an individual get...
Pandemics bring up a complex of issues as the populations face a significant health threat in the condition of scarcely allocated resources. The situation escalates in the medical field with a high mortality rate among patients and long working hours. Moreover, ethical principles are often challenged in the position of...
For an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), professional nursing suggests not only diligently fulfilling the medical duty of helping individuals and communities but also valuing altruism and underlying philosophy. The nursing philosophy affirms an individual’s ethical values and promotes certain practices and approaches in one’s nursing career. Creating a specific...
Research Process The investigative process involved collecting real-time data from the institution’s administrator, the surgical division director, physicians in various hospital departments, and other hospital staff. After a year of the new department’s operation, two group workshops were held to collect data on pitfalls and positive occurrences associated with the...
The author talks about the important role nurses play in promoting the health and wellbeing of people living in different societies. Health promotion is a set of actions that allow communities to collaborate with health professionals to make better choices are beneficial to their health. Through health promotion, nurses are...
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) The basic definition of root cause analysis is a systemic process of identifying the foundational causes of specific problem and determining an approach to respond to them. In the context of management and leadership, it is not just reactively responding to issues, but identifying the causes...
Introduction Family Nurse Practitioners (FNPs) are a core component of the healthcare system. These individuals offer vital care services and wellness advice to patients in need. FNPs are advanced practice registered nurses who complete specialized training and education to attend to individuals in various primary care settings (Norwich University, 2020)....
In caring for patients, the health-illness continuum helps healthcare professionals assess the level of wellness and associated risks of patients. The model is such that the illnesses and health elements are represented on different sides of the system enabling easier identification of healthcare needs. Such an arrangement allows assessing individual...
Like other aspects of social life, the health care industry is regulated by government legislation. Legislative acts influence the entire system of health care services operations and the practice of each medical professional. In this paper, the impact of the Nurse Reinvestment Act of 2002 and the Nursing Relief for...
Nursing Quality According to the American Nurses Association [ANA] (n.d.), there are different approaches to ensuring the high quality of care; measuring nursing-specific criteria is among them. ANA (n.d.) recommends the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI) for that purpose. According to ANA (n.d.) and Press Ganey Associates (2019),...
American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) is a national organization that aims at improving the standards of nurse practitioners’ work and promoting health initiatives that allow NPs to fully utilize their knowledge and experience. The organization’s core values include integrity, excellence, professionalism, leadership, and service (American Association of Nurse Practitioners,...
Religion and spirituality now have less and less influence on the life of society. Although early medical institutions focused precisely on providing this kind of care, modern medicine is based on evidence and a rational assessment of the world. However, religion and spirituality still play a significant personal role for...
Approach Used to Develop the Best Terminology My role as a GI nurse has equipped me with new concepts and ideas that can support the future of medical practice. Several nursing terminologies are also used in our practice in order to improve the outcomes of many patients. The important thing...
Steroids are often given for severe inflammatory pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis. For acute surgical pain, however, these drugs are rarely used, even though inflammation is probably the major cause of postoperative pain. What is the rationale for the contrasting approaches? Steroids are indeed capable of suppressing inflammatory pain. They...
Introduction One of the main challenges experienced in the global health care sector in the 21st Century is the delivery of quality care in a highly diverse society. Practitioners have a greater challenge with regard to the application of the nursing process in a bid to bridge the gap of...
Clinical Issue For inpatients, pressure ulcers (PU) remain among the most common health issues and, at the same time, a source of an increased health threat due to the possible complications that pressure ulcers may entail. According to Mondragon and Zito (2020), PU affect 5% to 15% of inpatients in...
History of the Health Promotion Model The model was developed by Nola Pender in 1982 (Khoshnood et al., 2020). It was renovated and re-published in 1996 and 2002 (Khoshnood et al., 2020). It was widely incorporated into nursing research and practice. The model was created to be a “complementary counterpart...
Leadership Skills Numerous leadership skills can be important for a nurse leader. Among other things, having a level of business and financial competence is essential. It is especially true for nurses who are engaged in project management. For instance, a quality improvement project aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections...
Cultural Community Transcultural nursing refers to providing care to hypersensitive African American males who are 65 years and above. The basis for choosing this issue is because this ethnic group suffers significantly from the health disparity and represents a large portion of the US population. The clinical practice, according to...
Nursing theory accumulates constantly updated theoretical knowledge and practical evidence, which helps nurses in their practices. Nowadays, it is primarily concerned with producing and gathering evidence to ensure quality care (Alligood, 2017). Simultaneously, the theory is not uniform, as views on which concept is the most significant vary. For instance,...
Introduction Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2019 requires hospitals to implement a stipulated nurse-patient ratio per unit and submit it to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The bill also needs hospitals to follow the rules on how staffing ratios are determined....
The terms public health, community health nursing, and community-based nursing are very common, especially in my field of practice. It is very important to distinguish these three terms. In most cases, people do not understand how public health differs from community health nursing and community-based nursing. Distinguishing between community health...
Introduction Mrs. J. is a 63-year-old married woman with a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite requiring 2L of oxygen/nasal cannula at home during activity, she has been smoking two packs of cigarettes daily for 40 years. The problem is that three days...
Cultural background is a factor considered in healthcare since it influences a patient’s behavior. Nurses need to respect cultural preferences and beliefs when caring for patients from different origins. Providing high-quality care to Muslim patients requires a nurse to be knowledgeable on the Islamic faith and its peculiarities. Today, the...
Introduction Nurses should be guided by both ethical and legal concerns when dealing with patients. The main advantage to nurses is that most laws have been enacted to reinforce the six bioethics principles. For example, the Bakers Act supports distributive justice when a patient is in need of urgent attention,...
Proposed Organizational Policy Though organizational change is crucial, it is sometimes time-consuming and may feel difficult for stakeholders who are required to acclimatize to varying expectations. Nurse leaders are anticipated to create positive transformations to healthcare policies either at the unit, local, state, or national level. Nurse leaders are responsible...
Recently, an absolutely new model of health care has been gaining popularity, which presupposes the concept of patient participation, or patient involvement in the treatment process as one of its fundamental principles. In this case, the patient is motivated to participate in prevention and treatment; thus, he/she makes an informed...
Introduction The operating budget is comprised of the expenditure budget and income budget (Mitton et al., 2014). The coming financial year lists predicted revenue by cause and predicted expenditures by II normal classifications, such as wages, purchases, and services. Administration ought to constantly trail a more significant income budget than...
Rachel Simmons wrote an article titled “Everyone fails. Here’s how to pick yourself back up.” In it, she argues that failure is a skill that one has to learn. Hence, although it may seem that a sense of failure is natural for any human being, it is best to practice...
Requiring vast and profound knowledge, as well as extensive experience and practice, family nursing is an excruciatingly challenging job, which is why it deserves closer attention as an area that can be enhanced and improved. This paper will consider the outcomes of an interview with a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)...
Professionalism in nursing incorporates principles critical to advancing the quality of patient care while observing moral, cultural, ethical, and legal values outlined in nursing practice guidelines. According to Go (2018), it offers excellent health services while implementing respect, advocacy, responsibility, honesty, and accountability, among other standards. It, moreover, extends to...
In-vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a kind of assistive reproductive technology (ART) IVF helps those who cannot have a child involves taking a woman’s eggs and fertilizing them with sperm (Kelbach, 2016) a fertilized egg is defined as an embryo embryos implanted in a woman’s uterus, a surrogate, or gestational carrier...
Nursing Philosophy Caring and nursing seem to be the two interrelated concepts that cannot be divided. All nurses have the same goal which is to take care of patients (Meehan, 2012). If there is a need to change a project that is about the improvement of D2B times and treatment...
The course has been effective and enabled me to improve my knowledge, skills, and attitudes in many areas of my professional preparedness. Thus, I can demonstrate the professional standards of legal, ethical, and moral conduct. I have also had professionalism in nursing instilled in me, and I am ready for...
Introduction The nursing theory applied within the current proposal is the diffusion of innovation (DOI). The innovative part will rely on exploring the benefits of retaining employees and providing them with practical benefits. The diffusion element is going to be necessary to communicate the required change to both workers and...
Burnout in nursing Burnout is a syndrome that develops against chronic stress and leads to depleting the emotional, energy, and personal resources of a working person. Professional burnout occurs due to the internal accumulation of negative emotions without a corresponding “discharge” or “release” from them. Emotional exhaustion refers to the...
The advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) role has emerged recently and has been developing into a prominent clinical position. However, not all states demonstrate the same degree of acceptance for the area. This disparity is reflected in the differences between the developments of different local legislation on the matter. Some...
Introduction Diabetes care plan development largely depends on the needs of people in the community (DeBoer, 2013). Therefore, the nursing profession should be skilled in collecting and analyzing patient data to identify the highly risky groups of populations and create a general prevention strategy. The following paper will provide the...
Introduction Advanced practice nursing is becoming substantially more popular nowadays as the role develops and expands its competencies. Nurses are encouraged to follow this career path more often, improving their capabilities and engaging in more productive work. The scope of the role has also diversified since its inception, creating additional...
Abstract In general, PICOT may be defined as a specific acronym used in nursing that is traditionally applied for the creation of a clinical question to direct the health care provider’s search for reliable evidence. An appropriately devised PICOT question is highly significant as it establishes the process of research...
Introduction The study aim was to evaluate the perceptions, attitudes and the knowledge level of practicing nurses towards the use of evidence-based practice in primary health care. The study also goes further to assess the effect of nursing education on these parameters relating to evidence-based care. The target population comprised...
Vital role of nurses Sound relationship, cooperation and coordination among the nurses (Ulutasdemir, 2018). Improved communication efficacy Quality of communication in a hospital setup and its direct impact Preparation of an effective communication improvement plan In any healthcare system, nurses play a vital role in delivering essential healthcare services to...
Problem When nurses are forced to work with larger numbers of patients than they can adequately manage, the likelihood of patients dying, getting injured, getting injections, and being sent home earlier without appropriate education increases. This results in patients returning to the hospitals, often with more health issues than previously....
Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Qualitative research is the inquiry of social phenomena as it exists in the natural setting, for example, the beliefs and practices of doctors on a certain aspect of health. As a result, ‘why’ becomes the focus as the aim is to gain insight into...
At present, the health care system is becoming increasingly complex and fragmented. In order to provide a high level of health care service to patients, interprofessional collaboration is of utmost importance. Doctorally prepared nurses are important actors in medical teamwork, collaborating with other professionals, and acting on different levels. In...
Implementation The management of pressure ulcers plays an inherent nursing role in reducing the associated comorbidities, including the risk of infections and bleeding. Some of the potential strategies that nurses can implement in managing pressure ulcers include the two-hourly turning of bedridden patients. Frequently changing the patients’ lying position in...
It goes without saying that patient-centered nursing practice is based on the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. However, in certain circumstances, patients’ safety may be negatively affected by predominantly unintentional medication administration errors. Cloete (2015) defines them as preventable events “related to medication which results in a failure in...
The mass media, in particular social networks, have an increasing influence on society. People read the information on social networks and may believe an unreliable source or interpret it mistakenly, which leads to severe consequences for the community and health workers. The post with a photo about the coronavirus vaccine’s...
Introduction People aged over 65 years constitute 13.1% of the American population. Over 20% of the elderly live in the areas designated as rural (Mishkovsky, Dalbey & Bertaina, 2010). In my past work as a nurse, I discovered that many elderly people in rural areas were not receiving quality health...
Vulnerability and Its Relation With Community Health Nursing Vulnerability is a complex concept and it is defined differently in different settings. When it comes to nursing, researchers note that there is hardly a single definition. For instance, Tomm-Bonde (2012) states that there are two major types of definitions that focus...
Policy reforms are necessary for the health sector in improving health outcomes. Globally, healthcare and public health systems are managed through sound health policies. The policies guide the operations of health systems and directly affect the availability and provision of health care globally. Consequently, in enacting policy reforms, it is...
Introduction Diabetes remains one of the major health concerns both at the federal and community level. Much work is done to change the state of affairs for the better with significant results. Still, because the problem lies at the cultural level and has to do with the people’s idea of...
Background and explanation Oregon Community Health Information Network (OCHIN) A healthcare IT NGO headquartered in Portland, Oregon United States. It is managed by a board of directors (majorly volunteers from member clinics). A membership of approximately 70 providers (with more than 300 clinics). Initiated in 2001 to facilitate integration of...
Introduction Pressure area care is an inherent plan of care for hospitalized patients. Pressure area sore causes significant pain in adult patients admitted to healthcare settings. This complication is particularly prevalent in bedridden patients and negatively impacts diseases’ prognosis (Mitchell, 2018). The treatment modalities are made difficult due to the...
It is necessary to mention that one of the core steps of the clinical needs assessment process is the development of tools and procedures that would be reasonable in a particular situation. Moreover, it is imperative to focus on such aspects as cost-efficiency and reliability. Instruments should be validated to...
Introduction Social media undoubtedly plays an irreplaceable part in people’s lives. It gives them the ability to get new information, discuss, and share posts and state their opinions on various topics. Such a vast usage of the internet leads to a substantial change in the professional field as well. Proper...
Introduction The study was intended to figure out issues that enable or bar the adoption guidelines when taking care of patients with cardiovascular risks in the primary care setting. Clinical guidelines are critical in the efforts to improve healthcare outcomes as well as ensuring the provision of quality healthcare with...
Clinical Problem Nurse practitioners (NPs) should possess adequate skills to support the health needs of their clients. Evidence of teaching their patients is something critical for these practitioners. An NP supporting individuals with diabetes should use powerful education plans to produce the best goals. The educational process should focus on...
Introduction As a profession, nursing focuses on details that include harm prevention, caregiving, and protecting the clients’ dignity. In addition, it defends and promotes the caregivers’ objective of upholding the clients’ rights. Within the nursing profession, nurses have to apply eight main principles, which they should adhere to as they...
The research investigates whether the implementation of a fall prevention program within the orthopedic unit will have the capacity to reduce hospital admissions and healthcare costs. This topic was selected based on the fact that injurious falls have been cited in the literature as the most widespread in-hospital adverse event...
It goes without saying that nursing plays an immeasurably significant role in modern medicine. At the same time, in the United States, advanced nurses permanently face considerable practice barriers. As a matter of fact, there are professional challenges that exist on a national level, such as barriers related to education,...
I would like to dwell on the controversial issue of telling or withholding information from patients. Honest and frank communication between the nurse and the patient is crucial to the efficient delivery of treatment. Also, nurses demonstrate their respect and trust to patients by telling the truth about symptoms, diagnosis,...
In general, the scope of nursing practice may differ across the country according to a state, however, its requirements and essential components are reflected in regulating local and federal nurse practice acts. According to Chapter 464 of the Nurse Practice Act included in Florida Statutes (2019), only certified nurse practitioners,...
Nursing informatics and healthcare technology are essential disciplines for any advance practice nurse. These are the disciplines that are crucial for building an effective nurse leader. The following paper aims to summarize the material studied during the course of nursing informatics and provide conclusions as for the significance of this...
Introduction This paper evaluates the portrayal of nursing as exhibited in the Scrubs series, season nine, episode 3 (Our Role Models). It delineates the nurses’ personality traits, demographics, education, and competence among others. Body Plot Prominence The show renders nurses as anonymous maidservants that hang onto the physicians’ directives, as...
Preceptors are needed to make a difference in the transition of new nurses from classroom to the clinical setting. Barker and Pittman (2010) noted that the role of mentoring new nurses is challenging and requires the preceptor to have qualities that enhance the process of turning the nursing theory into...
The article A Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness by Riegel, Jaarsma and Strömberg (2012) is one of the most interesting articles exploring the application of Middle Range Theory to find solutions to chronic illness. It provides a framework for understanding the uncertainty of chronic illness experience, how to...
Translating and disseminating research in nursing make valuable contributions to the development of science and improving the health care system. The DNP project is a culmination of nursing studies and the opportunity for such contributions. It requires choosing the appropriate strategy for the implementation of the research and skills of...
Introduction It is argued that the future of nursing is bright. This field of medicine is ready for an overhaul due to advancements in technology and the support of stakeholders. One foundation that has pushed for the overhaul of nursing is the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). The Foundation has...
Introduction Quality and safety belong to the most crucial aspects of healthcare delivery. It is especially significant to provide these aspects in healthcare organizations as they directly impact the patients’ health and life quality and their satisfaction with the services provided. Medical errors are much more dangerous than any other...
Competent nursing practice requires continuous improvement of skills and knowledge about the technologies, procedures, and approaches to health care based on research-informed data. The medical findings obtained using research efforts form a substantial evidential basis for nursing practice that ensures the highest quality of health care services. Thus, evidence-based practice...
Nurses have unique opportunities to transform the nursing profession positively through leadership and advocacy. Currently, the healthcare sector is undergoing rapid changes accompanied by various challenges. Consequently, the impacts are widespread in all practice settings (Tomajan, 2012). For instance, increased financial stress, ambiguity about healthcare reforms, new technologies, nurse staffing,...
Introduction Evidence-based practice (EBP) is known to be an efficacious method for ensuring that nurses use innovative models for patient care to achieve the best patient outcomes. This is especially important if patients have serious health conditions, for instance, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); in this particular case, the reduction...
Introduction Domestic violence is considered to be one of the most urgent issues that need to be solved in modern society. There are a lot of families who suffer domestic violence; however, they cannot find a way out. The model of learning styles described by David Kolb is believed to...
In the world of the 21st century, the ignorance and absence of political involvement both on the local level and worldwide could be perceived as a negative personal trait that presupposes apathy and indifference. It especially applies to the ones who take an active part in the life of the...
The medical field has various professional options for those who choose to pursue a career in health care. Each specialist’s position has its advantages and challenges, and so does the one of a family nurse practitioner (FNPs). Some may confuse it with that of a physician or a different nurse,...
Nursing Technology In the contemporary technology-driven world, the field of medical performance is extensively using the benefits of automation and improvement of practice provided by technological advancement. The role of technology in the work of nurses is difficult to overestimate. The generally observed shortage of nursing staff leads to a...
Introduction Nowadays, hospitals and other healthcare institutions experience a number of problems, nurse understaffing being one of the most common of them (Davis, Mehrotra, Holl, & Daskin, 2014). It may lead to lower quality of health care and, consequently, to worse patient outcomes (Meyer & Clarke, 2011; Kiekkas, 2013). Therefore,...
A business plan is the systematic assessment and outline of the components that are necessary for the business and the various goals for the business. The main components of the business plan format are the vision statement, people to implement the various strategies, the economic and cash flow assessment and...
The Relationship It is necessary to mention that numerous change management theories have been introduced over the years, and many scholars have focused on the development of particular guidelines on how changes should be implemented. For instance, 8-Step Change Model suggested by Kotter is frequently viewed as one of the...
The best course of action that I would follow is to arrange for Mr. Newcomb to see his mistress. Due to personal beliefs, I would try to avoid directly lying to his wife Mrs. Newcomb as it is unethical. However, regardless of personal beliefs, it is my responsibility to fulfill...
Chief nursing officers perform a myriad of instrumental roles in an attempt to expedite and advance service delivery. For instance; one of the most fulfilling duties in the nursing profession is being a nurse leader. Supervision of nurses is the main role of chief nursing officers; hence, they begin to...
Introduction Small mistakes by healthcare practitioners may lead to loss of life. In addition, errors in their activities may lead to the development of life threatening conditions. Therefore, it is vital for healthcare practitioners to ensure that they maintain a high level of professionalism at all times. Healthcare providers should...
Introduction The patient pathway at a hospital unit is associated with multiple interactions with the healthcare team and experiences of an array of procedures, the competent and evidence-based characteristics of which predetermine the positive outcomes of the experience. Evidence basis is the pivotal element in the provision of any type...
In light of the fact that effective nurse leadership has been positioned in contemporary health care settings as a fundamental factor in the attainment of optimum patient outcomes and workplace enhancement (Hutchinson & Jackson, 2013), the present paper discusses a multiplicity of issues related to leadership style and leadership attributes...
Smoking is a leading cause of human death. Many people are losing their lives annually because of smoking. Most of these people die from “smoking-related” complications and diseases. Smoking is a preventable vice especially among teenagers. According to Goldberg (2011), human beings can prevent most of the deaths caused by...
Nursing Theory An influential nursing theory is the Theory of Interpersonal Relations which emphasizes the role that the relationship between persons has in therapeutic interactions. It allows an educated nurse to recognize the needs of the patient and respond appropriately. In practice, the theory is applied to improving patient experiences....
Introduction The paper is about a family health assessment using functional health patterns consisting of 11 items adapted from Marjory Gordon (Gordon, 1994). Details are collected using open-ended questions to explore various health issues and provide a more comprehensive nursing assessment of the family (Appleton & Cowley, 2008). VX is...
Nursing Theory The most applicable nursing theory to proposed changes is the modeling and role-modeling theory. It utilizes Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, with the assumption if basic physiological and safety needs are met, nurses are more likely to seek social belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization, in turn increasing job satisfaction, professionalism,...
Management of Patient Health Status Nurse Practitioners (NPs) undertake various patient management practices. I have been able to assess and monitor the health issues affecting different patients. This role has been executed using modern technologies and ideas thus delivering evidence-based care to the patients. This exercise has also made it...
Overview of the Issue One of the major challenges affecting the global healthcare industry is “the issue of nursing shortage” (May, Bazzoli and Gerald 317). This problem affects different healthcare functions and processes. The shortage also affects the quality of patient support and care. The most outstanding fact is that...
Introduction According to Butts (2007), nursing is a profession that has its code of conduct, philosophic views, and its place in the health care industry. Customarily, nurses tend to work under their own license and are completely responsible for their work. To guarantee sanity and effectiveness in the profession, there...
Methods of Obtaining the Necessary Approval and Support The initial approach of seeking approval and support will entail the identification of the facilitators who will oversee the implementation process. The administrators and nurses at the nursing home are the key persons who will be affected by the proposed change. First,...
Introduction In most cases, resources allocated for healthcare and hospitals are limited. As such, hospitals face budget constraints and are required to deliver healthcare with a limited capacity of resources. Additionally, research has revealed that high allocation of resources does not translate into efficacy in healthcare, especially when cost-effective interventions...
One of the advanced nursing roles available is a family nurse practitioner (FNP). These clinical specialists provide primary health services to people from all age groups from infants to the elderly (Nurse.org, 2020). As a primary care provider, the FNP interacts with patients directly, therefore, directly contributing to increased patient...