Cardiology studies the heart and its conditions. This covers everything from congenital defects to acquired diseases. It is an essential branch of medicine, as the heart is responsible for pumping blood around the body. This vital organ also provides cells with oxygen and nutrients.
Cardiology is a very complex subject, and it can be challenging to write a quality essay on this area of study. Here are some tips to improve your paper:
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Introduction This study investigates the disparities in blood pressure control in elderly Hispanic patients and non-Hispanic white patients using the PICO(T) framework. PICO(T) is a mnemonic for patient, in this case, the Hispanic elderly with hypertension. I is for intervention, in this case, it is the homebound, C is for...
Coronary Artery Disease Before identifying risk factors and causes of the coronary artery disease, it is crucial to understand the peculiarities of it. Remarkably, it is a cardiovascular disease that can negatively influence blood in the human organism (Alizadehsani et al., 2019). The most challenging issue is the worsening of...
Introduction The article raises the issue of the effect of the intensity of statin treatment to reduce the risk of complications in patients with coronary artery disease. The material has scientific novelty and usefulness due to the limited number of studies regarding the effect of statin intensity on the condition...
Introduction A leading cause of death in the US is cardiovascular disease (CVD), a group of disorders that have a significant impact on the heart and blood vessels. It is a complicated condition affected by a wide range of variables, such as genetics, environment, and way of life. I would...
Introduction Heart failure is among the most dangerous conditions, which stems from cardiovascular conditions, and additionally results from lifestyle and habits. Although heart failure can be deadly, there are still essential interventions that might not only protect the patient and sustain health but prolong their lives. In the given scenario,...
Coronary heart disease is quite common in the general population. It is associated with a buildup of fatty substances in the coronary arteries and is expressed as problems with the blood supply to the heart (Gillespie et al., 2019). Narrowing of the arteries occurs further due to an atheroma outgrowth,...
Introduction Extreme blood pressure above the normal one is referred to as hypertension. Depending on the activity, an individual’s blood pressure fluctuates regularly. A person can be diagnosed with increased blood pressure when the pulse rates are frequently above average. Someone can develop additional health issues, such as cardiovascular illness,...
Introduction Research requires attention to many details to meet the scientific community’s requirements in reliability and validity. Assessing variables and potential biases is part of the planning research process. In the case considered, the study covers 9,400 people and investigates the possible link between obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD)....
Introduction Today, there is practically no doubt that human health is closely related to environmental factors. According to the prevailing view, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by several chronic pathological processes resulting from a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental and lifestyle factors. They lead to a progressive disruption...
Heart failure is a critical health problem in the United States despite the country’s progress in treating heart failure and heart diseases. According to the center for disease control, about 6.2 million adults in the United States have heart failure (HFSA, 2022). It is presumed that at least 960000 new...
Introduction Coronary artery bypass surgery is a surgical treatment for patients with severe uncontrolled symptoms of coronary artery disease. In the postoperative period, the patients oftentimes have blood pressure variability which impacts their life prognosis and treatment outcomes. Patients that experience such surgery most of the time have a variety...
Comparing Different Methods of Research A distinctive feature of qualitative research is that it is based on participation, which implies the direct participation of the researcher in the data generation process. When conducting such studies, the primary researcher always contacts the respondent and has personal interaction with them (Rutberg &...
Introduction High blood pressure, often known as hypertension, is a common condition in which the blood persistently pushes against the artery walls at levels high enough to increase the risk of serious complications. The heart’s ability to pump blood and the resistance of the arteries have a role in determining...
High blood pressure or hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, characterized by a higher blood pressure in an individual’s veins and arteries than normal. High blood pressure is attributed to lifestyle habits, some of which are impossible to eradicate. As a result, hypertension is a public health...
Hypertension is a condition best characterized by consistently high blood pressure that threatens the patient’s health with adverse long-term consequences. Jack is a patient who requested a renewal for his Rosuvastatin prescription. The last clinical data on Jack is the following: HgA1C 9.0, 170/110 mm Hg, pulse 88, and respirations...
Introduction The problem of congestive heart failure (CHF) among individuals who travel on a regular basis requires the attention of evidence-based practice research to develop a strategy to mitigate symptoms and prevent occurrence. Thus, the aim of the current study is to determine whether patient education about the management of...
Introduction The study aims to identify the relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Another objective of the study is to measure the gender gap in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by applying Framingham risk scores (FRS). Moreover, the study is directed to identify the link between...
The organization of affordable and effective medical care for Treating Congestive Heart Failure remains one of the promising areas of heart diseases prevention. When providing health care for patients with CHF, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach with the organization of both quality spot-on care and education of...
Summary Various health associations of different countries report cardiovascular diseases ranking first among the causes of death in women. The mortality rate from heart diseases in women is higher than in men, and misdiagnosis is one of the reasons for this. The problem that causes false diagnoses is the difference...
Introduction Atrial fibrillation is a heart disease causing a fast, irregular heart rate. This abnormal heart rate dynamic condition might entail many dangerous side-effects to an individual’s physical condition, as the heart function is in charge of many processes undertaken in a human organism. Atrial fibrillation is the leading cause...
Heart illness is one of the most significant causes of death in America. Today, one in three individuals, approximated to be 85.6%, have one or more heart conditions (Superko et al., 2017 p. 1309). Therefore, Pahigiannis et al. (2019) explain that the Healthy People 2020 plan focused on enhancing the...
The goal was to examine the quality of life of people living with arterial hypertension, and the various constituents of their condition that affect it. The factors that affected the quality of life included gender, source of income, living situation, care provider, and level of education. Among these factors, housing...
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition that implies a cardiac function abnormality and a slowed movement of blood across the body, which entails a weakening of the heart muscle. There is a variety of available treatment options, yet a considerable number of people who suffered from CHF fail to...
Beta-blockers such as metoprolol are used to treat hypertension, among other conditions. These drugs form the first line of treatment for hypertension (Dézsi & Szentes, 2017). Normally, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and catecholamine bind to beta-1 receptors leading to increased cardiac activity but, metoprolol, a cardio-selective inhibitor of beta-1 adrenergic receptors, alienate...
Introduction The cardiovascular system is engaged in the circulation of blood through the body. Thanks to it, organs and tissues receive the necessary oxygen, as well as remove carbon dioxide and other harmful substances. That is why the importance of the cardiovascular system for the body is immeasurable; it is...
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a disease with high socio-economic significance. Almost all conditions of the cardiovascular system in their outcome lead to the development of CHF. Heart failure is a syndrome caused by a violation of the heart’s pumping function, which leads to a change in the dynamics of...
Arterial hypertension is a condition of persistently raised blood pressure (BP), systolic BP more than 130 mm Hg, and diastolic more than 80 mm Hg. The origin of the essential, or primary, arterial hypertension is unknown. The condition is a major issue of up-to-date medicine as it causes several pathological...
For decades, heart failure, as one of the many manifestations of heart disease, has been among the most widespread medical conditions across the US. Thus, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020), more than six million adults in the country have heart failure, with more than...
Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) is a leading provider of healthcare services in the United States. The organization was established in 1968 and has quickly grown to serve many communities as it enhances access to healthcare. It operates as an umbrella body of numerous healthcare facilities spanning about 185 hospitals...
Introduction Sustainability has become a core component of modern society and is now a critical element in government and organizational planning. The 17 United Nations Sustainability Development Goals aim to address some crucial global issues by 2030 (United Nations, n.d.). Progress in achieving the goals is slow and more effort...
Introduction Hypertension is a complex medical condition with elevated blood pressure, and the heart has to beat harder to pump blood to all body parts. Human blood is carried to all body parts using the arteries for functioning. As the blood pushes against the arterial walls, pressure is created. When...
Introduction Chronic cardiovascular disease affects a significant portion of the elderly population in the United States, and many patients are forced to stay home due to their condition. However, minority patients such as African Americans and Hispanics have disproportionate adherence to statin regimens. Therefore, an essential institutional need is adherence...
Introduction This paper discusses venous thromboembolism (VTE) complications in patients with a stroke, including both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It explores the risk of a patient suffering from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) just after the onset of a stroke. This complication is increased with dehydration, malignant...
The risks of cardiovascular events are due to the major factors contributing to an individual’s risk of being a victim of heart disease. Some of the major factors that bring about the development of these diseases are genetic factors. An individual inherits genes from the parents, which puts them at...
Congestive heart failure is a complex disorder that constantly leads to repeated hospitalizations or deaths. In order to study the reasons for this course of the disease and its grounds, the project will apply the situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care. It focuses on the patient’s behavior and supervision outside...
Literature Review Congestive heart failure is a severe chronic disease associated with high readmission risks. With nearly a million new cases reported annually, it is essential to improve the existing frameworks of identification and treatment of the problem (Ryan et al., 2019). Many experts propose new prevention methods and innovative...
Despite advances in heart failure treatments, inpatient readmission rates remain high. Therefore, greater emphasis has been placed on lowering readmission rates and, as a result, identifying patients who are most at risk of readmission (Ryan et al., 2019). O’Connor (2017) argues that hospital readmissions continue to be a problem in...
Introduction Heart failure’s three main health care issues are abnormal heart rhythms, fluid overload, and hypertrophy. As time progresses, there will be more factors that lead to exacerbation or worsening of these symptoms. It is important to plan for the care of patients diagnosed with heart failure now that they...
In a study associated with heart failure and cardiac conditions, in general, it is necessary to account for risks related to one’s lifestyle and medical history. Hence, in the present quantitative study aimed at defining the effect of patient education on readmission, such extraneous variables as age, body mass index,...
Introduction The heart’s primary function is to supply oxygen and nutrients to all organs and tissues of the body and to exclude their waste products. Depending on whether a person is resting or actively working, the body requires different amounts of blood. In order to adequately supply the body’s needs,...
Patient education has become one of the essential topics in medical practice since the importance of disease prevention became clear. Many diseases and their complications can be prevented by healthy behavior. For example, hypertension is a chronic condition that results in severe consequences for human health. It is estimated that...
The Incidence and Prevalence of CAD CAD is the most widespread heart disease in the United States. Only in 2019, it took the lives of almost four hundred thousand people, and the number is continuously growing (Heart disease in the United States, 2021). CAD is often not related to age...
Athilingam, P., Jenkins, B. A., Zumpano, H., & Labrador, M. A. (2018). Mobile technology to improve heart failure outcomes: A proof of concept paper. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 26-33. Web. The authors of the research draw attention to the suffering and economic burden that heart failure (HF) patients’ readmissions create....
Differences Between Adults, Children, and Infants CPR Adults, children, and infants have different needs for CPR since there are significant differences in their body composition. CPR entails applying pressure to the chest and utilizing a piece of artificial ventilation equipment to keep the patient alive by keeping blood circulating and...
Ensuring that pregnant women receive the required help and support is one of the key goals in nursing and healthcare. Therefore, a framework that will help manage some of the most challenging aspects of pregnancy should be seen a s a massive improvement in the quality of care for pregnant...
Introduction Sudden cardiac arrest remains one of the most serious problems in cardiology today. It should also be admitted that this problem is still too far from its solution. Despite the widespread introduction of modern resuscitation methods at the end of the twentieth century, there was no expected significant increase...
The purpose of post-arrest cardiogenic shock therapy is to reduce cardiac effort while keeping essential organs perfused. Vasopressors enhance systemic blood pressure and cardiac output at the expense of increased myocardial oxygen demand and peripheral vascular resistance, accelerating tissue acidosis and multi-organ failure. Increasing vasopressors is associated with poor clinical...
Introduction: Pathophysiology and Factors Regulating Blood Pressure (BP) Changes in heart rate, stroke volume, or total peripheral resistance cause modifications in BP. When extracellular fluid volume or plasma norepinephrine level rises, the patient’s heart rate or stroke volume are affected (Robinson, 2016). Total peripheral resistance is impacted by the processes...
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a blockage or narrowing of human arteries associated with a buildup of plaques (Cleveland Clinic, n.d). Coronary artery disease is also known as coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart disease. To fully understand the process and changes that happen because of disease, it...
The purpose of this article is to substantiate the relevance of the mobile application for people with heart diseases. The report also discusses the necessary qualifications for nurses working with heart patients. The final part of the paper presents a description of a mobile application useful for patients with heart...
Heart disease and stroke are the prevalent diseases among all illnesses people might take. Having this kind of disease predisposes imposing strict restrictions on a patient, so they might not have diverse severe side-effects, such as terminal illnesses or even death. A cardiovascular health treatment requires taking care of a...
Concerning the case study of a 64-year-old woman with systolic heart failure, first of all, it is essential to define this health issue, its causes, and mechanisms. According to the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, heart failure is “a complex clinical syndrome that can result from...
Introduction It is important to note that cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR is a highly life-saving practice aimed at sustaining one’s life post-cardiac arrest, where its proper utilization can lead to significant damage minimization primarily dealt with the brain tissue. However, conducting an effective CPR is a challenging task on its...
In the United States, congestive heart failure (CHF) represents the leading cause of hospitalizations among adult patients. While there has been an improvement in medical therapy outcomes, readmission rates for the population with CHF diagnosis remain high at ≥50% within six months after discharge (Anand et al., 2018). The causes...
In this post, the methods of the health condition improvement when a patient suffers from heart failure are addressed properly and contribute to their further discussion. In general, heart failure is characterized by the inability of the heart to pump blood efficiently. As a result, fluids are built up in...
Background According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among all other diseases. (Asri et al., 2020) This is a problem not only for older people; for example, myocardial infarction is often found among young people. That is why heart diseases are in the...
Abstract High blood pressure is the leading cause of death and morbidity globally. The disease poses more health risks to people with underlying chronic conditions. Most patients with hypertension have not conceptualized its severity, and they expect it to be curable, therefore, failing to follow self-management practices. Apart from physical...
Clinical Manifestations Present in Mrs. J. As Mrs. J.’s case description demonstrates, the patient was admitted to the hospital with flu-like symptoms. The clinical manifestation or the symptomatic indications of a disease or deterioration in bodily systems present in the patient include nausea, malaise, cough, and fever. The patient indicates...
Cardiomyopathy is a disease associated with heart failure due to the inability of myocardium muscle to contract. This paper describes the approach of care for cardiomyopathy, recommended treatment plan for the patient, and the reasons for educating the community on cardiomyopathy using a case of a 72-years old male patient....
Introduction The change project was initiated to decrease the time intervals of the Door to Balloon (D2B) in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients. In order to suggest an appropriate plan, the literature review, clinical data analysis, process for analysis as well as SMART goals were conducted in previous works. Besides,...
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases mostly affect the elderly and people with family history of this disease. In the United States, the health problem has cost the National Budget many expenses as the country struggles for better health care. With the victory on the Medicare bill by the Obama government, also termed...
Hypertension Hypertension, also referred to as arterial hypertension or high blood pressure, refers to a chronic bodily condition characterized by the constant elevated blood pressure in the arteries. The disease is always asymptomatic during its onset. If the condition persists for a long time, then it predisposes one to the...
Problem Statement Official statistics says that the residents of Miami, Dade have recently been showing a conspicuous tendency to develop CVD (Carey & Gray, 2012). According to the existing data, these rates have reached an egregious scale over the past few years. Women in their 60s seem to prevail among...
The leading cause of death in the United States and Alabama is cardiovascular disease (cVd). The disease comprises stroke and heart disease, accounting for about 33% of deaths in Alabama State (Centers for disease control and Prevention, 2010). Mortality rate for heart disease in the US was 201 per 100,000...
Introduction Quality improvement is an important strategy in nursing, as it helps in improving the quality of life and the treatment outcomes. This paper seeks to show that hypertension control is an effective quality improvement initiative that will result in benefits for everyone in the medical field. Purpose The initiative...
The elevated blood pressure in the pediatric populace is frequently perceived at the present. Hypertension is recognized to be the main reason for diseases and death not only in the United States but in various other countries as well. The long-standing wellbeing dangers to youngsters with the elevated blood pressure...
Introduction The aim of this research paper is to identify related NANDA, NIC, and NOC elements for a patient scenario in the cardiology (telemetry-medsurg) floor and then describe in detail the data, information, knowledge, and wisdom (DIKW FRAMEWORK) that guided the work. JB is a 60-year-old male patient complaining of...
Kreutzer, J. (2015). Catastrophic Adverse Events During Cardiac Catheterization in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension May Not Be So Rare. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 66(11), 1270-1272. The article “Catastrophic Adverse Events During Cardiac Catheterization in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension May Not Be So Rare” begins by examining how medical practitioners...
Background Information Prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as the coronary atherosclerosis and artery diseases has raised concern in public health institutions worldwide. There is a need to establish appropriate interventions that are based on evidences to solve such problems. Evidence-based approaches such as screening instil elements of community engagement, systematic...
Differential Diagnosis Possible Diagnosis Rationale Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) History: Shortness of breath, cough which produces yellowish phlegm, and unexplainable fatigue. Frequent infection of the respiratory tract. History of cigarette smoking is considered to be a major cause.Physical Exam:Increased rate of respiration which decreased oxygen saturations, mild breath sounds,...
Coyne, C. J., Testa, N., Desai, S., Lagrone, J., Chang, R., Zheng, L., & Kim, H. (2015). Improving Door-to-balloon Time by Decreasing Door-to-ECG time for Walk-in STEMI Patients. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 16(1), 184-9. Web. The guidelines provided by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommend fast door-to-electrocardiography...
Heart rate is the main variable characterizing the work of the patient’s cardiovascular system. According to Reil et al. (2011), “heart rate is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen demand, coronary blood flow, and myocardial performance” and it “affects nearly all stages of cardiovascular disease” (p. 13). In connection with...
Analysis of the disorder Pathophysiology Angina is a disorder that has become very common in the current society, especially among those who work in highly stressful environments. Kendal (2010) defines angina as “A chest discomfort due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart” (p. 37). This...
Introduction According to authors, heart rate variability is a complex analysis done in the medical profession. Therefore, the experiments on this analysis are done using complex statistical methods. The most effective technique that has been in use is the Poincare plot of RR intervals. The Poincare plot is a “visual...
Introduction Cardiac failure patients have been identified to possess a low level of physical endurance as well as emotions as a result of certain crucial changes within their lifestyles. This condition could be attributed to the quality of life the patient is subjected to and also the level of attention...
Plan and Implementation The previously selected problem is hypertension prevention in high-risk populations for high blood pressure. The proposed plan will emphasize helping these categories of patients (older adults, patients with obesity) to recognize their health risks (Cook et al., 2018). Such patients will learn more about the necessary lifestyle...
Mr. K., a man of 57 years, arrived with a suspicion of peripheral atherosclerosis. His symptoms include marked leg pains while playing golf, increased fatigue and discomfort in his legs, and reddening of the lower extremities and feet numbness if sitting for prolonged periods with his legs dangling. There are...
The work of medical staff includes assessing patient health parameters and reaching final verdicts. In this case, the choice of specific practices, diets, and exercises should be justified by the individual characteristics of the patient. The clinical picture of the disease should consist not only of biological health indicators but...
What is Arterial Insufficiency? Any condition slowing or stopping blood flow Arteries are the affected vessels Arteries transport blood from the heart to body parts This leads to decreased blood flow Arteries are blocked or narrowed Arterial insufficiency is a blood condition characterized by decreased or lack of flow of...
Introduction Patients with hypertension comprise one of the most populous and vulnerable groups (Dasgupta et al., 2014). 20% of the population in the U.S. suffers from this condition. Center for Community Health and Evaluation (2017) state that adequate management of hypertension relieves patients from further complications. However, less attention has...
Ms. A. is suffering from hypochromic, microcytic anemia (Siegenthaler & Aeschlimann, 2007). Normally, the body of such a patient cannot meet the demand for iron because of dietary deficiency, chronic blood loss, or defective absorption (Nayak, 2008). This type of anemia is characterized by absent or low levels of iron,...
Introduction Hypertension is a major issue. It is difficult to diagnose but can have disastrous consequences, including those related to cardiovascular illnesses, eye damage, kidney disease, and so on (NIH, 2018). However, hypertension can be prevented because many of its risk factors are modifiable (Campbell & Niebylski, 2014; CDC, 2018)....
Introduction There are many health conditions that develop as a person is aging and most of them are considered to be inevitable. Nevertheless, many of them can be prevented in case the risk of having them is identified. For example, the participant under consideration is likely to develop hypertension because...
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is an issue that presents multiple health constraints. The solution of the telehealth monitoring system is the focus of the proposed health plan targeted at decreasing readmission rates and increasing patient compliance. The current design proposal will focus on providing a change model overview, outline the...
In the case of Mr. P., the situation is complexified by his age and the fact that his spouse is unable to leave the house. Also, he seems to be in a frustrated state of mind. The approach that is to be taken should, firstly, stabilize the client so that...
Disorders of the cardiovascular system include diseases of blood vessels and the heart. These conditions are commonly treated with four categories of medications: diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and vasodilators. This paper will discuss the difference between the four mentioned types of medications. After that, an example...
C.D is an African American patient in his mid-fifties who has visited his primary care provider complaining of headache and chest pressure, which have persisted for the last two days. Upon being interviewed, he says that he has been smoking a pack of cigarettes daily for the last fifteen years...
Introduction In diagnosis and treatment, the topic of hypertension plays a vital role because it represents a health issue contributing to a variety of other problems. Hypertension occurs when the long-term force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is high; moreover, the higher amounts of blood the...
Patient Initials: N. S., a 52-year-old male. Subjective Data Chief Complaint: The patient reports vertigo, shortness of breath, and palpitations. History of Present Illness: Heart palpations associated with exercising are observed for some time, and they cease when resting. Shortness of breath was observed two days ago, but the associated...
Introduction Advanced Practice Nurse intervention is an essential tool in evaluating and assessing clinical problems with an application of nurse care. The primary purpose of the given APN pilot project is to overview and analyze the methodologies and approaches of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is today one of...
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a considerable bother for healthcare both in the US and internationally. CHF treatment is associated with an increased number of hospital readmissions, especially for older adults, which leads to additional health costs. However, according to Hasanpour-Dehkordi, Khaledi-Far, Khaledi-Far, and Salehi-Tali (2016), multidisciplinary disease management programs...
Introduction Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the world. Its development is largely defined by multiple environmental and genetic factors. However, unhealthy lifestyle patterns such as a poor diet and the lack of physical activity contribute to the progression of diabetes the most. When not controlled...
The case study is focused on an 82-year-old female patient who suffers from several chronic conditions, including congestive heart failure and hypertension. She also has a difficult home situation since her husband died recently, and she lives alone now. Upon discharge from the hospital, it is essential to outline the...
The Healthy People 2020 initiative is an official resource that provides evidence-based goals for enhancing the health of Americans. One of the topics covered by this resource is heart disease and stroke assigned a national priority in the US. It should be noted that this disease belongs to preventable ones,...
Introduction Cardiovascular-diseases are becoming more prevalent in the United States, affecting the quality of life and increased the risk of adverse events. Hypertension is commonly associated with a range of co-morbidities. Certain populations may be more affected by race, age, and lifestyle, which impact health management practices. This report discusses...
Introduction The adult patient selected for this plan is likely to develop coronary artery disease (CAD) due to her lifestyle choices and family history. The patient’s parents have a health history of high cholesterol, which predisposes her to CAD. Additionally, the patient smokes, eats unhealthily especially at work, has a...
Prevalence Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a critical public health problem that is prevalent worldwide in terms of mortality and morbidity. Despite the progress in the study of its pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment, the outcomes of patients with CHF remain unfavorable (Ambrosy et al., 2014). According to the results of...
Hypertension is a condition that most people often disregard as not dangerous or fail to notice. However, it affects many people throughout the world and can lead to adverse patient outcomes if left unattended. Furthermore, hypertension generally cannot be treated in the long term using medical interventions. As such, the...
Introduction First of all, it is necessary to ascertain the specific nature of the abnormalities that affect the patient. Chest pains may result from a variety of complications, which demand different approaches and treatments. It is also essential to understand the overall condition of the patient to determine whether he...
Introduction Atherosclerosis is the most common form of arteriosclerosis, which is a general term for several diseases that cause thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls. Atherosclerosis is also the most serious and clinically significant form of arteriosclerosis, as it causes coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Atherosclerosis...