Writing on health and medicine topics has never been easier! Explore our database to see the most prominent nursing paper examples.
Medicine is a complex and highly communal science. At the same time, it is one of the most important areas of human life because it is closely related to the health and control of the standard of living of the population. As in any science, medicine is characterized by individuals...
It has been established over the past decades that the notion of health should never be addressed in isolation to the socio-cultural background and lifestyle of a person. One’s health, instead, is a complex combination of physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors, also known as functional health patterns. These patterns, including...
The Abstract The research paper includes a brief sketch of the history of stem cells, touching on their first mention and prominent research. The focus is on the significance of stem cells for oncology, parenchymal organ treatment. In addition, attention is drawn to the recent IPSC study from donors with...
Intrapersonal issues are the conflicts within a person and relate to the inability to cope with inner emotions and self-awareness. In healthcare settings, these situations occur when clinicians experience doubts and problems with expectations, perception of reality, and self-assessment, which result in the failure to find the appropriate solution. These...
Nursing has developed over the years; hence, it is crucial to support people who have chosen this field in professional development. One of the best ways to help is to incline more in advanced practice. It can be achieved through the provision of benefits and certification. Attestation is held every...
The patient suffers from unstable, and at the same time, short menstruation periods. She has not had many previous GYN exam visits. The average cycle length can reach 40 days. The girl says that she leads a fickle sex life. Besides, in adolescence, she suffered from an eating disorder, the...
In his book, Van der Kolk identifies several evidence-based trauma-focused treatment methods. The author’s approach suggests that trauma treatment focuses on resolving traumatic stress through managing the balance between rational and emotional parts of the brain. While traumas could be caused by different experiences, such as neglect, the brain’s common...
Despite the potential for high risks, modern medicine, as in past centuries, is forced to conduct clinical trials in humans. This need seems inevitable but must be closely monitored by formal oversight systems. The Institutional Review Board plays the role of an ethical censor in medicine and pharmaceuticals. The board...
It seems inevitable that the population naturally increases. Along with this, the scarcity of food, land, and financial resources increases, which translates into an increase in criminal acts. In an attempt to get a quick buck with their own hands — but illegally — or to steal food from the...
Identification of Chronic Condition Affecting Pregnancy Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the chosen chronic condition for this discussion. This is a form of cancer that is caused by the HPV virus. The specific virus is normally sexually transmitted and mostly affects women. In the US, it is the most common STI...
Introduction The respiratory system is a collection of tissues and organs that helps human being and animals breathe. The blood vessels, airways, lungs, and mucus that help power the lungs make up this system. All of these respiratory system components work together to carry oxygen throughout the body, and discharge...
A 47-year-old male came to the emergency department complaining about abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea that started three days ago. He rates his pain as 9 out of 10 on the acuity scale when it first started, but now it is five. However, the patient does not mention pain radiation...
For any organization to thrive, it is imperative to outline the primary directions in which leaders and their followers should move to align with their ultimate mission. Strategic planning, as a tool that helps leaders look into the future and design tangible objectives to move towards, is an asset in...
Nursing leadership is an integral part of constructing the workplace to provide effective care for patients. During my practicum experience, there were no visibility and collaboration of nursing lead. It was hard to understand who had more responsibilities than others and who were the head nurses. Such administration and management...
Every person sooner or later faces the question of choosing a profession. I decided for myself that I wanted to choose a path for myself related to actively helping people. I am a person who strives to help people and make their lives better. The most suitable career for me...
Interview Summary I talked to a registered nurse who has worked in Novant Health Matthews Medical Center Emergency Room for ten years. I operate within the same hospital’s cardiovascular telematics unit and have seen the Nurse for a while now. In the emergency department, he was responsible for triaging patients,...
Abstract Among hospital employees, nurses are by far the biggest segment, and they are entrusted with the vast majority of care coordination and delivery. Patient discontent, greater readmission rates, and increased negative incidents can be caused by a lack of proper staffing levels. Moreover, there is proof that insufficient nurse...
Evaluating the process and outcome of an intervention is a critical part of understanding its effectiveness and providing adjustments. Three data sources will be used to evaluate the intervention: records of a daily patient survey conducted by the nurses, the unit secretary in charge of the call lights or the...
Nurses play an important role in formulating effective public, health, and nursing policy at all levels through participating in planning and decision-making. Professional nursing education has always encompassed concepts such as promotion of health, risk elimination, and population-based care in its baccalaureate nursing degree programs (Clark, 2017). Nurses’ level of...
Introduction Root-cause analysis refers to a methodical strategy that aims at finding the causes of different events to suggest relevant preventive measures. A root-cause analysis of nurses’ roles in medication administration safety was conducted to investigate the roles of nurses in medical administration safety and provide relevant recommendations that can...
Although parents try to protect their children and predict serious health problems, they still need professional care providers’ help. This participation in a 3-week training program under the supervision of two training officers allows me to understand the importance of high-quality, holistic patient care. One day, a mother brought her...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders in women today. The disease is characterized by the existence of specific cysts forming on the ovaries and influencing the work of the reproductive system (Horowitz & Weissman, 2020). The increased incidence of the given hormonal disorder and its...
Introduction To work effectively with information technology in the health sector, a nurse needs to have professional skills and qualities, including quick learning and adaptation to new medical trends (Warm & Thomas, 2011). To improve my level of competence, I signed up for a six-week EMR conversion assignment through an...
Introduction Nursing practices rely on a foundation of knowledge that stems from several sources. Processes and decisions provided by nurses are directed by academic, personal, and social interpretations of information. The value of implementing a number of ways of knowing within nurse experiences cannot be understated, as it can define...
This discussion post is an analysis of various aspects of mental health, including tertiary prevention, actions of mentally healthy adults, and the general adaptation syndrome. Tertiary prevention involves people already suffering from mental health illnesses and comprises improving their ability to function normally, diminishing the effects of the illness, and...
The Internal Review Board (IRB) ensures that research procedures adhere to ethical values and principles. The researchers are expected to strictly follow the study protocols which guide them on the right practices. Following the IRB procedures could be challenging and research teams could be tempted to practice dishonesty. However, clinical...
Introduction Today, there are many ways to improve the quality of education, raise standards, and advance knowledge among health professions students. Interprofessional education (IPE) is a teaching practice to promote shared decision-making, patient-centered care, and interprofessional communication. According to the World Health Organization, it occurs when two or more professions...
The abstract provides a concise and clear overview of the study. The research question, problem statement, and title are congruent. It was authored by five competent individuals who brought their knowledge together to achieve a better outcome (Maul et al., 2019). It was published by Elsevier implying that it is...
Communication Strategies It is crucial to begin by identifying significant elements where nurses’ collaboration is required. Informing research personnel about the patient clinical state, coordinating nurse care and symptom management to optimize study participants’ capacity to complete study activities, and supporting and encouraging patient participation are just a few instances....
Role of NPs Nurse practitioners in cancer screening provide patients with procedures and further surveillance. According to multiple pieces of researches, there is no big difference between the treatment of NPs and doctors. In addition, patients managed by nurse practitioners receive equal-level care compared to patients cured by doctors. Moreover,...
Introduction The insights of clinical nurse leaders can be of exceptional value for resolving the issues related to the nursing profession. As professionals that are consistently involved in numerous nursing practices, nurse leaders possess significant information regarding the quality of health care and limitations encountered by the nursing personnel (Lunden...
Arnetz et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the nurses’ experiences regarding the early periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to outline the most prominent origins of distress perceived by the nursing staff. The authors used a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze the result of an 85-item...
Introduction Titilope Olalekan is a registered nurse working at BronxCare Hospital and holds a Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Titilope Olalekan asserts that he chose the profession of nursing because he loves making positive impacts on patients’ lives daily. He reiterates that nursing is a profession that makes a massive...
Summary Comprehensive data collection, reporting, and monitoring of metrics are essential to improve the quality of healthcare and patients’ safety. The treatment of severe mental disorders in people with obesity preceded or induced by therapy is a complex clinical problem of modern psychiatry. Unfortunately, many effective psychotropic drugs contribute to...
There is no doubt that the realm of health care is constantly evolving, as it cannot exist in isolation from society. The community, as the primary interest of health care, provides medical personnel with the need for constant adjustment to the social needs, including cultural sensitivity, care prioritization, cost-efficiency, and...
Abstract The article explores the challenges for First Nation women in the subject of breastfeeding. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends this type of feeding as the main for the newborn baby; up to 6 months, breastfeeding is recommended to be exclusive. Nevertheless, it is not widespread among First Nation Women...
The quality and access to healthcare services for citizens of a country are primary indicators of the entire health system. Some countries have universal healthcare, while others prefer insurance-based programs. For example, the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) is a universal centralized system adopted in 1948 (Dayan et al.,...
Both management and leadership play a critical role in the sphere of nursing, as a nurse manager cannot secure a good team’s performance without being a role model and inspiration for colleagues. However, while these aspects frequently overlap, they still obtain some core differences in terms of their characteristics. Thus,...
Summary The study conducted by Honkavuo (2020) researches the nursing student’s attitude toward digital teaching. The results of the study reveal that the variance associated with digital teaching could be connected to such factors as education, knowledge, gender, participation in the promotion of digital teaching, and motivation to do so....
Introduction The article to be reviewed in my paper is ‘Thinking like a Nurse: A Research-Based Model of Clinical Judgment in Nursing.’ The essay aims at reviewing the emergent body of research displaying clinical assessment in a nursing environment. Contextually, the article presents the alternative decision-making method based on nursing...
The most essential for my professional development goal is to develop and implement my clinical nurse informatics knowledge to improve healthcare quality. To gain professional experience and become more qualified in different aspects of my future work, I plan to join American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) and NMA after graduation....
It is essential for healthcare institutions to keep a sufficient amount of nursing personnel available at all times to avoid any decreases in the quality of care. However, there are obstacles in this process, such as understaffing, high patient numbers, insufficient managerial efficiency, and other issues. They all lead to...
In perspective, every research in medicine should relate to real problems and strengthen the healthcare system. Therefore, I agree that gaining necessary support from both internal and external stakeholders could be the key step in implementing valuable research results. The impact of the important stakeholders’ engagement could be seen in...
Introduction Pharmaceutical compositions are the cornerstone of scientific medicine, as a wide range of diseases became curable due to the discovery of helpful drugs. However, a certain substance can be a remedy solely on the condition that healthcare professionals abide by the rules of safe admission. Not adhering to the...
A community health nurse is a medical assistant that utilizes nursing abilities to care for people and refer them to an appropriate healthcare center that operates outside of the area of the nurse’s competence. Moreover, the specialist participates in health promotion among the communities. Social resources and nursing simultaneously generate...
Introduction According to the case study, the patient, an 82-year-old female, Mrs. Y, was delivered to the Emergency Department by her daughter because of confusion, agitation, and irritable mood. According to chief complaints involving dysthymia, alteration of consciousness, agitation, and the age of the patient, the primary thoughts were of...
Nursing requires continuous development for each professional involved because of the novelties and technology being implemented to enhance healthcare. Furthermore, quality improvement practice gaps must be addressed to balance an organization’s goals and the current professionalism of its employees (Nash et al., 2019). For instance, outpatient clinic nurses’ lacking quick...
This paper is focused on developing methodology and evaluation of the practicum project of implementation and utilization of Tele sitter. The goal of the project is to help understaffed hospitals insert Tele sitters as an effective method of cost-saving. Project objectives are understanding the weak chains of the medical nurse...
Therapeutic recreation is an exciting field that gives patients hope to improve their quality of life. A famous recreational therapist Cathy O’Keefe noted in “An Essay for Students Interested in Therapeutic Recreation” that many people do not understand the purpose of this profession. Therapeutic recreation can be defined as the...
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are environmental conditions that affect an individual’s functioning, quality of life, and health. The environment varies depending on where one is born, lives, works, worships, plays, and learns throughout their life. These are common factors in the society which may affect an individual moderately or...
It is important to note that diabetes is a serious chronic health issue, which requires a comprehensive understanding of its key underlying intricacies and specificities in order to be able to properly present the information in a presentation. Therefore, such a presentation should include psychosocial factors, biological factors, short-term effects,...
A neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system that transmits chemical and electrical impulses and consists of the cell body or soma, dendrites, axon, and pre-synaptic terminal. Soma incorporates mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Nissl bodies, and nucleus; dendrites are short protrusion of the cell body that receives impulses,...
Introduction COVID-19 is currently a widely studied disease due to its manifestation and the massive number of people it affects. This pandemic is developing rapidly, making it difficult to learn this condition and its consequences. However, even in such conditions, people need some means of protection, treatment and recovery from...
Cancer Diagnosis and Staging Cancer is an illness in which somebody’s cells grow abnormally and uncontrollably, causing a wide range of symptoms. Cancer diagnosis tests are fundamental in knowing the type and stage of the disease. Doctors can order various diagnostic tests, including lab tests, imaging tests, and biopsies, to...
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) While communication problems, social anomalies, and stereotypic behaviors are all part of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), autistic people can have other medical conditions. Because of their proven frequency and connection to the degree of core autism-related behavioral disorders, gastrointestinal issues are significant. According to Baird (2013),...
Introduction and Background The patient is a 50-year-old woman of Caucasian descent who is married, heterosexual, and has an adult son. Her medical history includes mastopathy and uterine fibroids, which she claims to have had since she was around 30 years old, as well as chronic bronchitis. She has not...
Introduction Geriatric psychiatry might be an emerging field of study and evidence-based practice, yet it has already warranted its place in the environment of modern healthcare and nursing due to its focus on the needs of aging patients. The problem of mental health deterioration and the development of mental health...
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, multiple investigations have proved that antibiotics are decreasing their ultimate power over many diseases. The problem is caused by different bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics at an extremely fast pace. Additionally, medical companies abandon antibiotic research due to low profit. I believe that...
Introduction The problem of congestive heart failure (CHF) among individuals who travel on a regular basis requires the attention of evidence-based practice research to develop a strategy to mitigate symptoms and prevent occurrence. Thus, the aim of the current study is to determine whether patient education about the management of...
The history of the early relationship between mother and baby has been the subject of close attention throughout the development of psychology and medicine. When a newborn and defenseless child is born, it is most susceptible to viruses and infections. Scientists have been trying for many years to reduce the...
From the time fertilization takes place in a woman’s body to the time of delivery, there is a process involved. Among the processes is fertilization, where the egg gets attached to the uterus after having traveled from the ovaries. In some cases, the egg might fail to attach itself to...
Introduction Goal setting is fundamental to any organizational management in general, and healthcare providers are no exception. The classifications of goals or objectives vary across studies, based on the structural, contextual, temporal, and functional characteristics. For the purposes of this assignment, the aim is to discuss the financial, legal, risk,...
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been available as the more effective and reliable management for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (SSAS) since 2002 (Yamamoto et al., 2013). It serves as a replacement for the traditional and highly invasive open-heart surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) (Vavuranakis et al., 2015). In this...
Introduction The choice of a medical career requires not only adequate professional training but also a reasonable assessment of a specific industry, and I personally intend to develop my skills in the field of dental hygiene. This sphere is promising due to patients’ constant demand for the services of qualified...
Introduction Medical diagnosis is the process of establishing which condition or disease explains the signs and symptoms. A physical exam, health history, and blood tests can help make a diagnosis. On the other hand, evidence-based practice is a problem-solving method to clinical practice that includes the most acceptable proof from...
Abortion has been an important topic in the fields of healthcare and ethics for a long time. The complexity of this issue from the perspective of morality only amplifies with the consideration of aborting a fetus with an abnormality. The case study that will be analyzed in the present paper...
CAUTI is one of the hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) that is preventable when a proper safety protocol is in place. The majority of these measures focus on hand hygiene, and the reason will be discussed below. This essay presents an overview of recent articles highlighting the efficiency in preventing CAUTI via...
Introduction Traditional medicines are found in natural products based on the beliefs, theories, and experiences of different cultures used to maintain health and treat diseases. Doctors in health centers or pharmacies usually issue modern medicine. This paper discusses the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of modern and traditional medicines. Traditional treatments...
White teeth in the modern world have ceased to be just a picture in a fashion magazine. Now everyone can provide the kind of teeth that best meet their sense of self. Unsafe methods of home teeth whitening are a thing of the past. Modern dentistry is continuously improving and...
Summary Types 1 and 2 diabetes are both caused by the body’s inability to retain and utilize glucose required for energy production. This sugar then increases in the bloodstream and rarely reaches the areas that require it, resulting in severe problems. Both kinds of diabetes are long-term illnesses that damage...
How the Immune System Protects Against Pathogens The immune system provides body protection by either generating cells that attack the disease directly or by making specific proteins known as antibodies. Antibodies bind to antigens and attract cells that engulf and kill pathogens. Lymphocytes, also known as B and T cells,...
Cost-shift pricing, which is also frequently referred to as financial expediency-driven pricing or simply as cost-shifting, is a situation where different customers may purchase the same goods or services for different prices. In health care, specifically, this means charging an insured patient more as compared to an uninsured one for...
Introduction Racial discrimination and racial inequalities in health care are among the most critical current health problems in the United States. Most non-white people, especially African Americans, experience daily discrimination that has a cumulative effect on self-perception (Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010). More importantly, racial biases are one of the main...
There is a so-called Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) in Texas, which performs several vital functions, including prevention, treatment, and monitoring of such a dangerous disease as cancer. In addition, the list of functions of the Texas Registry also includes numerous studies aimed at fighting cancer. This organization has gone a...
Introduction Common ailments remain one of the most frequently emerging and multi-faceted subjects in casual medical practice. It is therefore important for medical professionals to be able to operate the concepts that fit under this umbrella, both in terms of diagnosis and symptoms. This assignment includes four separate entries on...
I am a registered nurse with 20 years’ experience working with patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a fungal infection found in individuals suffering from an immunocompromised state due to HIV/AIDS. Despite the advances in antiretroviral therapy, this disease continues to cause deaths in patients...
Introduction The study aims to identify the relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Another objective of the study is to measure the gender gap in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by applying Framingham risk scores (FRS). Moreover, the study is directed to identify the link between...
Introduction Substance use remains one of the public health issues attracting considerable attention from policymakers, healthcare professionals, non-profit organizations, and community members. The substance abuse rehabilitation industry in the USA is worth $42 billion each year (Research and Markets, 2020). Harm reduction is one of the approaches that are gaining...
After being diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and put on the corticosteroid course, a 50-year-old patient returned to the hospital and reported the deterioration of his condition. Chest X-ray revealed several cavitary lesions with shadows defined by the practical nurse as fungus balls, also known as aspergillomas. Aspergillosis...
Introduction Diabetes affects everyone, which makes it all the more dangerous. Considering that Diabetes Mellitus often leads to heart conditions, heart attacks, strokes, hyperglycemia, nephropathy, mental health issues, and other serious health conditions, the statistic that 1 in 11 adults has Diabetes Mellitus is rather alarming (Sapra & Bhandari, 2021)....
Electronic health record (EHR) is an information resource that allows both doctors and patients to have constant access to treatment history. The critical aspect of implementing EHRs is Meaningful Use, characterized by the meaningful electronic exchange of health information to improve healthcare quality (Chin & Sakuda, 2012). Using EHRs allows...
Elimination complexities are rather severe and uncomfortable medical conditions that significantly interfere with patients’ and their families lives. These conditions prevent the proper removal of wastes and by-products in a person’s body, which may lead to certain complications and the inability to perform everyday activities (Chai & Birder, 2016). For...
The paper proposed for discussion was a report on the study of nature and pathophysiological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease as a form of patient neurodegenerative conditions. The paper is a structured material, containing a clear introduction, the main body, and a generalizing conclusion. More specifically, the main body of the...
Transplant Rejection Transplant rejection occurs when a recipient’s body discards an organ from a donor. Transplant rejection occurs due to immunological mechanisms that result in the production of antibodies against tissues. The two types of disease likely to occur after transplant rejection are graft versus host disease or host versus...
Introduction Poor hygienic practices cause Catheter-associated infections of the urinary tract (CAUTI) among women who have undergone cesarean section delivery. Catheters used in emptying the bladder among patients with issues emptying their bladder may harbor microorganisms that cause disease. Healthcare professionals should emphasize evidence-based hand washing techniques to reduce the...
A Global Health Issue: Bioterrorism Being one of the most hazardous and widespread global health issues, bioterrorism is based on the release of a dangerous biological agent in order to result in mass panic, diseases, and deaths. Terrorism that became an acute problem in the USA after September 11 actualizes...
Introduction Cancer is a disease that begins with a mutation when a cell in the body (a somatic cell) begins to divide uncontrollably. Normal body cells work according to their internal clock with a working mechanism. This internal clock regulates at what point the cell divides, grows and matures, ages,...
Introduction Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects the thinking mechanism, behaviors, and feelings of an individual. Individuals suffering from schizophrenia might appear as if they lack touch with reality. This results in considerable distress for the person, their friends, and their families (McCutcheon 202). When the symptoms of schizophrenia...
Introduction To begin with, one of the most influential issues that might be experienced by professional athletes during their training and preparing for competition is low energy availability (LEA). To be more specific, it is the critical energy deficit that disables the affected sportsman to lead a healthy and active...
Summary This paper analyzes a court case involving medical malpractice in terms of ethics. The sides of the case include the patient, the doctor, and the governmental medical center. Arturo Iturralde went to Hilo Medical Center because of increasing weakness in his leg and was diagnosed on January 24, 2001....
Clinical Manifestations of Mr. C The normal body mass index should be between 18.5 and 24.9, while Mr. C has 45.1, meaning that he is obese. Mr. C displays elevated kidney function because, from the medical results, serum creatinine level is higher than normal. Higher levels of creatinine serum are...
The article discussed in this post concerns medical errors, particularly those of wrong-site surgery. Across the United States, surgeons occasionally make mistakes that can severely harm the patient, such as confusing the left and right sides or performing an operation on the wrong person. Moreover, hospitals will often conceal such...
At 7:56 P.M., on October 11, a patient named Daisy Loo was admitted to the ER. The patient was hospitalized after she experienced a sudden fall. She was working in the garden with her wife when the incident occurred. Subsequently, Ms. Loo arrived at the hospital for diagnostic and treatment...
Introduction Neurodevelopmental disorders that manifest early in life are devastating for affected children and their caregivers. For example, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) impairs the normal ability to form social bonds (Barlow et al., 2018). Three defining characteristics must be present to establish an ASD diagnosis: poor nonverbal communication, restrictive and...
Introduction Obesity can be described as a medical condition in which an individual’s body fat accumulates to a level that it may cause adverse health effects (Barnes par. 5). Obesity usually leads to decreased life expectancy and increased incidences of associated health problems. Body mass index (BMI) measurement which compares...
Introduction Dementia is a significant health concern, both worldwide and within the United Kingdom. According to Dementia hotspot maps (2018), it affects 850,000 people in the nation, distributed unevenly across territories and age ranges. The condition is typically associated with seniors, and the number of people with it will likely...
In people’s bodies, organs work together and form organ systems by combining with each other. One of the vital organ systems is the digestive one and consists of the gastrointestinal tract and organs such as the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder (Crash Course, 2015). This organ system is...
Three significant sectors run the healthcare system, which includes physical capital, human resource, and consumables. Human resource is one of the essential inputs in the healthcare system. Like in any other sector, human resources play a vital role in service delivery and the achievement of the objectives of a particular...
The problem of overweight and obesity of the population in recent decades has come to the fore in the health systems of the most developed countries of the world and countries with lower incomes. I agree with the opinion that one of the leading factors affecting fatness and obesity is...
Introduction Nowadays, the public has started to be more conscious of their medical options and standards of care, which led to the discussions surrounding the cost and efficacy of healthcare services. Although lifestyle medicine is far from a new concept and has been adopted by numerous primary care practitioners, it...
It is estimated that more than 371 million people in the world live with diabetes, 90% of them have type 2 diabetes (“Type 2 Diabetes,” 2019). Unfortunately, half of these people are not aware of their diabetic conditions. In the United Kingdom, about 4.9 million people have been diagnosed with...
The underserved populations in the state, community, or city include individuals without insurance plans, patients recording poor chronic disease outcomes due to inability to access preventive measures and recommended screening. Other underserved populations include geographical areas that encounter health professionals’ shortages and primary medical care encompassing health resources. Additionally, the...
Based on my understanding, the article “For Serena Williams, Childbirth Was a Harrowing Ordeal. She’s Not Alone” by Salam suggests that social and economic disparities lower health standards, making this an important area of discussion. On analyzing the article, it is evident that the patient is wealthy and influential. However,...
C-diff is a common bacterial disease most familiarized with older adults, but it has lately affected other people previously considered at low risk. As Lei et al. (2020) defined, C diff is a pathogenic bacterium that, when acquired, causes diarrhea and can be fatal when it inflames the colon. In...
The organization of affordable and effective medical care for Treating Congestive Heart Failure remains one of the promising areas of heart diseases prevention. When providing health care for patients with CHF, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach with the organization of both quality spot-on care and education of...
Introduction Diabetes is a chronic condition development that disrupts an individual’s lifestyle, increases the economic cost of healthcare, and severely influences national mortality rates. In the United States, more than 34% of the adult population have pre-diabetes; 10% are diagnosed with it, making the disease a significant public health challenge...
Introduction Mrs. P complains of severe pain in the left-back below the ribs, blood in urine, and an increased urge to urinate. Mrs. reports that her diet mainly consists of proteins, and she takes high amounts of salt. The patient is obese and reports that she takes one glass of...
Obesity is defined as a medical condition in which the amount of excess body fat that a person carries reaches a critical point and starts to negatively affect their health. In the last few decades, the global obesity rates are soaring, which causes many chronic conditions and contributes to the...
Joints form in areas where at least two bones meet. The body has various types of joints in its different regions. For instance, hinge joints are those that straighten and bend such as the knee, while ball-and-socket joints are round and can be found on the shoulder or the hip....
The urinary system plays one of the essential roles in the human body. Any failures and interruptions in this system lead to severe discomfort or pain. Even minor deviations in the work of the urinary system are life-threatening. Therefore, to diagnose the problem in time, one should know about possible...
Introduction Nurses are increasingly caring for patients in diverse cultural settings due to global migration. Nurses are required to approach their patients as unique individuals by considering their cultural needs. However, to achieve this, they must develop intercultural communication competency. Intercultural communication refers to “interaction between individuals from different nations,...
Introduction This project aims at exploring the phenomenon of dyslexia. It is the disease that manifests itself in reading difficulties. Most of all, it is identified in children reached a school going age. The paramount goal of this project is to determine factors that promote dyslexia as well the ways...
The healthcare sector is integrating cutting-edge technology such as self-service kiosks to help provide quality care through effective service delivery. Self-service kiosks are interactive digital touchscreens that allow patients to do certain chores without the need for assistance (Darzentas & Petrie, 2019). Kiosks are a fast and efficient approach to...
Federal medical insurance Reimbursement Resources Emergency clinics are repaid for the consideration they give Medicare patients by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) utilizing an arrangement of installment known as the inpatient forthcoming installment framework (IPPS). Under this framework, medical clinics are paid foreordained, fixed sums by CMS...
Patients prescribed diets, including the 1500 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diet, are required to consume specific products and avoid those that can lead to adverse health outcomes. However, such regimens may be challenging to maintain as they are both extensive, and the allowed foods are not available at all grocery...
Summary Mainly, leaders present employees’ grievances in the nursing sector by participating in collective bargaining and, in extreme cases calling for work boycotts. The advocacy targets policymakers, and most often, leaders employ strategies to achieve the desired outcomes. Nursing unions play an integral role in facilitating change in their profession,...
Testosterone analogs are labelled as anabolic steroids because they mimic each other in body structure, precursors and function. Anabolic steroids are artificial versions of the body hormone testosterone and compounds. Both agents have a similar chemical structure of 17 beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups unsaturated at C-4-C5. Athletics is a vigorous...
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a commonly widespread disease worldwide, and especially many cases can be observed in the USA. What makes it dangerous is that the number of people exposed to the DM keeps getting bigger. Moreover, it causes other major health problems and increases the all-cause mortality rate....
The ambiguous attitude towards vaccination is due to several reasons. Some people are worried about the vaccine’s side effects; others believe that the immunity after the previous illness will be stronger than that acquired through vaccination. However, vaccination is currently thought to be the safest way to help people develop...
Claire belongs to the patient population of middle-aged (45-65) Caucasian females diagnosed with breast cancer. She will work with an interdisciplinary team of health care professionals, including an oncology social worker. Oncology social workers provide holistic care to individuals with cancer – a disease “caused by uncontrolled growth and spread...
In the recent past, the interest in spirituality and aging has gained momentum in research, practice, and academia. Specifically, this new concept of spirituality in aging is attributable to the overwhelming evidence of positive health outcomes associated with both spirituality and religious participation among older people (Mohammadi et al., 2017)....
Introduction Data is the cluster of facts and statistics obtained for a specific purpose. The information derived from data is raw and needs to be analyzed to be useful in the decision-making activities of a health organization. Quality collection, storage, and analysis of data is a mandatory requirement in a...
The computerization of medical records will ensure improvement in healthcare quality and reduction of its cost. Medical test expenditure is lowered through the reduction of bureaucratic obstacles. Furthermore, computerization will reduce fatal medical mistakes in a health care system hence minimizing loss of lives. There are many ways of achieving...
Summary Various health associations of different countries report cardiovascular diseases ranking first among the causes of death in women. The mortality rate from heart diseases in women is higher than in men, and misdiagnosis is one of the reasons for this. The problem that causes false diagnoses is the difference...
Abstract Protein plays an essential role in most physiological processes; however, a high protein diet (HPD) can positively and negatively affect both the general population and athletes. While studies have been conducted on the various effects of an HPD, there has been little conclusion on this matter due to the...
Kidney disease is much more common in African American and Latin American populations than in White Americans. African Americans were 30 percent more likely to die from kidney disease than non-Hispanic whites. Widespread health disparities across races persist, despite many successful interventions (Longino & Kramer, 2020). There are psychosocial and...
Unfortunately, it is apparent that medical personnel may behave improperly towards patients, which sometimes leads to errors. A considerable share of such cases involves drug abusers and other types of addict patients; notably, some specialists show less respect to their needs as compared to those of others. The case I...
Health professionals are sometimes faced with difficult moral and ethical dilemmas presenting challenges in the decision-making process. Utilitarian theory helps them consider different factors and support the making of the most justifiable decision. It suggests that an action is right only if it promotes pleasure or happiness, and wrong in...
The ethical issue I encountered while delivering health promotion strategies to patients is informed consent requiring healthcare providers to deliver necessary and complete information about interventions, promote autonomy, and avoid any forms of biases towards individuals. Moreover, this principle stipulates that patients can refuse treatments or tests based on religious...
Introduction Epidemiology refers to the process of identifying the distribution of diseases, conditions, and health-related factors in the population. This method is essential for investigating and preventing public health issues, such as disease outbreaks. They occur when the number of disease cases spreads at a faster rate than expected within...
Researched Articles Research Article #1 According to Hirschler et al. (2018), hypoxia which is associated with high altitude increases the risk of suffering hypertension. The researchers conducted a multiple logistic regression analysis which showed that children living at least 3,750 meters above sea level were 4 times as likely as...
Maintaining the required level of water in the body is critical to the well-being of an individual since water allows regulating temperature, managing digestion, and maintaining the functioning of every organ. Thus, understanding the mechanism that regulates water intake and output is vital to keeping the system running. Although kidneys...
Long tearm goals The long-term goals of a dental hygienist include being in charge of qualification training and obtaining additional certifications. It will help expand the scope of activities and provide additional services in the future. B. A dental hygienist degree is required to start acting in this area; further,...
Spirituality is a vital component of the nursing practice since healthcare professionals and patients have to deal with the psychological burden of illness and death. Spirituality is the intrinsic component of humanity that assists in the search for meaning in life and connects us with others and ourselves (Grand Canyon...
In the modern health care system, a patient’s desire is the underlying factor in health care decisions. The advance directive document gives patients the right to decide on the kind of health care they want. It provides directives on ways to handle patients when they are incapable of making decisions....
Introduction Nursing Problem and PICOT Question The problem of diabetes being one of the most common and dangerous health concerns in the American population has been on the agenda of healthcare services for a while. Nonetheless, the issue of diabetes and the comorbid health concerns remains a common problem in...
The article Risk factors and predisposing conditions for urinary tract infection by Storme et al. (2019) is a forum narrative review. The authors hold a discussion about the recurrent type of infections, which appear more than two times during a six months period. Risk factors for women are split into...
Introduction Atrial fibrillation is a heart disease causing a fast, irregular heart rate. This abnormal heart rate dynamic condition might entail many dangerous side-effects to an individual’s physical condition, as the heart function is in charge of many processes undertaken in a human organism. Atrial fibrillation is the leading cause...
Summary The unnecessary prescription of antibiotics is an issue that threatens the health and the operations of medical practitioners. One of the factors that pose a problem is the overutilization that leads to the depletion of supplies. In this case, it is important for physicians to focus on the provision...
Healthcare Issues Healthcare is one of the most critical aspects of human life. Health professionals play a crucial role in ensuring people in various settings have a healthy living. Therefore, it is important to have a good understanding of the roles of various service providers. Doctors and Acute Care Nurse...
Accurate diagnosis of mental disorders ensures robust management of the illness and improves patient outcomes. Therefore, making a list of possible conditions aids in making a correct diagnosis of a mental disorder. For instance, Shamsie & Nelson (2017) posited that mental health practitioners should comprehensively investigate behavioral symptoms observed in...
Consuming energy drinks is similar to addiction since a person gets used to the constant consumption of components that stimulate the nervous system, such as caffeine and sugar. I rarely drink energy drinks and prefer one brand for its flavor. However, I am not prone to the uncontrolled consumption of...
The DASH diet stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. It refers to an eating plan that researchers have found to be effective in preventing hypertension in individuals. It involves the uptake of foods rich in potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which are essential in lowering blood pressure. This diet also...
Introduction Immune system disorders are major health crises that affect the whole world. These are disorders that occur due to defects in the development and functions of the immune system, exposing one to infections and some cancers (Abbas et al., 2019). These disorders caused by a defect in the immune...
The case of Mary Mallon, famously named Typhoid Mary, shows the extent to which public health laws can be used to trample on the rights of individuals suspected to have contagious diseases. Mary was a healthy carrier of typhoid fever, which she unknowingly spread to people through her work as...
After studying the human musculoskeletal system, it was especially interesting to pick up a new activity and experience it with new knowledge. I decided to try a yoga class because it is an entirely new activity for my muscles. I wanted to feel the difference in muscle involvement during the...
Effective communication within the interprofessional team is essential to improve patient safety. Finkelman and Kenner (2019) define speaking up as an expression of concern by healthcare providers for patient safety and quality of care after recognizing the risks or misconduct of other healthcare team members. These cases include errors, omissions,...
Introduction The topic of traditional medicine is critical in the context of the current community wellness framework. All members of different ethnic groups tend to have their cultural health perspectives which may differ from the established scientifically proven medical procedures. Thus, it is essential to integrate traditional medicine elements in...
Every society requires a variety of professionals in order to function successfully, and the specialists working in the sphere of health care are among the most important of them. Dental care of the population is one of the main problems in many countries, for instance, in Canada, less than 40%...
Cancer is a leading cause of illness and death across the world, affecting virtually every population group and country. Despite progress in diagnosis and treatment that have increased survival rates, patients can experience a wide variety of physical and psychological complications as well as changes in health status and quality...
Situation An older adult male was found unconscious in his bedroom with several different white pills besides his bed, but no labeled pill bottle can be found. He is rushed to the emergency department for treatment. The most helpful drug reference source in this situation In the described situation, it...
Introduction Older adults suffer from age-related, uncontrollable loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength known as sarcopenia (Walston, 2012). The usual onset of sarcopenia occurs in the fourth decade of life and progresses to the point where adults in their eighth decade have only half of the skeletal muscle mass...
Compulsory vaccination is an investment worth risking. This has become a concern for many healthcare organizations worldwide. When people are protected against preventable and infectious diseases, they enjoy greater safety, stability, and security, contributing significantly to their families, societies, and economies (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021). Unlike...
Heart illness is one of the most significant causes of death in America. Today, one in three individuals, approximated to be 85.6%, have one or more heart conditions (Superko et al., 2017 p. 1309). Therefore, Pahigiannis et al. (2019) explain that the Healthy People 2020 plan focused on enhancing the...
Introduction Dementia is a common term for a loss of capacity to recall, think, or make choices that interfere with daily activities. Scientists say that the most prevalent form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is not a standard characteristic of aging, even though it mainly affects older adults. Auguste...
Despite eating a balanced diet, some people develop nutritional deficits that require supplementation. Vitamins are one of the supplements that have been recommended for health reasons. However, there are safety and efficacy concerns about some of the supplements, such as vitamin (Geddes, 2018). The lingering question in my head is;...
The goal was to examine the quality of life of people living with arterial hypertension, and the various constituents of their condition that affect it. The factors that affected the quality of life included gender, source of income, living situation, care provider, and level of education. Among these factors, housing...
Introduction In a fast-changing world, people need to be aware of their health conditions to prevent any repercussions on them and those around them. A crucial part of health promotion and disease prevention is screening because it can identify health problems and evade the spread of diseases. Screening is necessary...
The immune system protects the body against various harmful pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. There are two main types of immunity: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is activated immediately when the pathogen is introduced into the body. The response involves cells such as macrophages, leukocytes, natural killer...
Introduction Urinary tract infections are a significant problem in today’s healthcare setting and need to be addressed. This fact is especially relevant for long-term facilities and intensive care units, where indwelling catheters are often used (Menegueti et al., 2019). In turn, a decrease in the duration of the use of...
The goal of this study was to discuss health promotion concerning obesity prevention in young children. It also determines the influence of kindergarten-based programs on early health promotion. The authors accomplished their purpose, having evaluated the effectiveness of these strategies and identified the positive impact of early obesity prevention programs...
Research Article Summary Research Review: Childhood chronic physical illness and adult emotional health – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ekin Secinti, Ellen J. Thompson, Marcus Richards, Darya Gaysina. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Volume 58, Issue 7, 2017, pages 753-769 This article researchers the correlation between chronical childhood...
Psychiatry is the integral field of medicine targeting the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various emotional, mental, and behavioral conditions. In this regard, the social, psychological, and physical aspects of the ward environment play an essential role in patients’ satisfaction and outcomes, and staff performance. This paper aims at providing...
The responsibility taken by a nurse when interacting with patients and colleagues requires a thorough reconsideration of ethical norms and appropriateness in every patient scenario. The vast majority of ethical dilemmas arise from the nurses’ belief that exhaustive knowledge of the basic provisions outlined in the Code of Ethics is...
Introduction Environmental health encompasses the quality of air and water and the factors in one’s surrounding that affect health and disease. Chemicals that are released into the environment have effects on human and wildlife health. Therefore, understanding the consequences of artificial and ecological threats is essential in protecting lives. A...
Core measures are evidence-based national standard procedures and best practices that were developed to improve the quality of patient care and health outcomes. The Specifications Manual for National Hospital Inpatient Quality Measures was developed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Joint Commission (TJC) to facilitate...
Human skin is affected by diseases of the skin that affect the usual appearance of the skin. Rashes, inflammation, itching, and other modifications to the skin can occur due to these illnesses. This paper will discuss ways to help people with skin conditions like Rosacea, Psoriasis, and Scarrings. Scarring, Psoriasis,...
Introduction Urinary tract infection (UTI) can affect the bladder, kidney, ureters, or urethra. UTIs are common and occur in one in five women at one point in their lives (Gupta et al., 2017). Although females are commonly affected by UTIs, it can also happen to children, men, and the elderly....
The process of moving air inside and outside the human body is referred to as the breathing process. The air breathed in contains oxygen, while the exhaled air contains carbon dioxide. The exchange of gases results in the expansion and contraction of the lungs’ walls (Krause et al., 2018). The...
Description In modern society, there are more and more cases of speech development disorders, especially in children. The study of this problem is critical since the speech function is the key one for the development of thinking and intelligence. Deducing the characteristic features of such disorders, their treatment, and their...
Common Injuries/illnesses That Mostly Bring People to the Emergency Room (ER) Burns at home are caused by open fires, hot liquids, or steamy air. When the skin is burned, the skin cells die and this results in scarring or discoloration of the place. The burn may occur in different stages,...
There are three main fertility awareness methods to prevent or plan pregnancy, which are different in their function and imply varying risks and benefits. The first approach is the temperature method, and it means taking a woman’s temperature every day in the morning before getting out of bed (“Fertility awareness,”...
Summary The organizational issue is allergy and hypersensitivity to latex-containing products and supplies in dental facility staff and patients. The first solution is the use of health surveillance and testing in staff members for timely diagnosis of allergies. The second solution is the development and implementation of policies to limit...
Problem Statement Severe impairments of kidneys, issues with the cardiovascular system, and several other health concerns require the introduction of dialysis to immediately manage a significant health threat. However, the choice of the tool used for the dialysis often defines the patients’ chances to survive and the different prognosis concerning...
Overview of the Problem Working with patients who suffer from breast cancer, I have faced a number of research controversies concerning the women that should have Mammogram at the age of 50. In my opinion, this finding is premised on a number of biases, specifically when it comes to the...
Clinical Question According to the statistics provided by the World Health Organization (2021), from the beginning of the pandemic to February 19, 2021, 109,997,288 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed, including more than 2,430,000 fatal outcomes. Besides, it could be noted that globally there is a trend towards the increase...
Introduction Childhood vaccination entails an equilibrium between parents’ independence in determining whether to vaccinate their kids and the importance of public healthcare in authorizing immunization. Following the growing industrialization and globalization in nations outbreak of diseases which spread to other states globally, comprising the United States, there has been developing...
Diabetes is connected with metabolic group diseases, where the main issue refers to the insufficient or ineffective circulation of insulin which directly influences the individual’s “energy storage”. This type of malady cannot be transmitted to others since it starts developing inside the personal body. Turning to the distribution, diabetes does...
Abstract UK and Cyprus are two countries in the European region where the problem of obesity is critical. Much of the information regarding the status of these two countries can be derived from scholarly papers and the efforts of such international bodies as the World Health Organisation (WHO). The problem...
A baby’s development starts long before birth, but the aspect of prenatal parenting is often overlooked. Judging by my personal experience, as a mother of three, I agree that prenatal conditions do matter as each of my pregnancies was different and challenging to me. The article of my choice focuses...
The term culture refers to a way of people’s life. This lifestyle affects their health positively or negatively depending. In the case of illnesses such as chronic kidney diseases and diabetes, they require large amounts of money, and most of them do not have health insurance. In some cases, economic...
Research question In pediatric settings how can training, cultural and organizational changes affect the perceived barriers and practices of children’s pain management? Purpose of the study evaluating the current pediatric pain management practices identifying the existing deficiencies and causes of the perceived barriers designing the practical solutions for the problem...
Introduction Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory illness of the airway that mostly has a remarkable impact on children’s well-being and general academic performance. Pathophysiology in asthma is the combination of processes that are associated with asthma. These processes are complex, including obstruction of airflow, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway...
Summary Diabetes has grown into a critical healthcare issue over recent several decades, causing severe health inconveniences for patients. Moreover, the disease places a tremendous financial burden on the healthcare budget, requiring significant material and staff resources. In this regard, numerous studies have examined efficient practices to prevent and treat...
The development of technology has made social media presence an inevitable business strategy across all industries. Therefore, sharing information has become easier and faster, increasing the chances of exposing patients’ data. My organization has an effective security rule that prevents practitioners from sharing patients’ information. This rule ensures data breach...
Cancer Site, Regional Nodes, Most Common Sites of Metastasis The two types of uterine cancer are endometrial cancer (the most common type) and uterine carcinoma (quite rare). The former starts in the uterus lining, while uterine carcinoma starts in uterus muscles and supporting tissues (National Comprehensive Cancer Network® [NCCN], 2021)....
PICOT question for current research: In hospital patients (P), how effective is continuous bedside pressure mapping (I) compared to repositioning every two hours (C), in reducing the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (O) within one year of implementation (T)? Background The background on the issue requires summarizing both qualitative and...
The Louisiana Community Choices Waiver is a Louisiana program aimed at supporting the elderly and helping them maintain their independence. This program has significant advantages; for example, it is essential to note that their guardians will support the independence of older people. The participants of this program can independently go...
In general terms, quality might be described as a characteristic of excellence or superiority. Additionally, it may be viewed as a dynamic attribute of a service or a product that can be enhanced to meet or exceed customer expectations (Spath, 2018). In the context of healthcare services, quality is associated...
Absorption is the process of drug penetration from the site of application or injection into the blood, and from the blood into tissues through various cell membranes. Seeing as in psychiatry, most prescribed drugs are to be taken orally, a thorough understanding of their absorption interactions is essential. For example,...
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition that implies a cardiac function abnormality and a slowed movement of blood across the body, which entails a weakening of the heart muscle. There is a variety of available treatment options, yet a considerable number of people who suffered from CHF fail to...
Introduction. General Information and Prevalence Urinary tract infection is the common name of all infections, damaging any organ of the human urinary system that includes the urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys. About 55% of adult women and 12% of men have at least one UTI in their life (Medina...
People are the only creatures on the planet that can cook. Some scholars believe that cooking played a central part in our evolution. But we went further and decided we want not only to cook well but also to spend less time on it. Genetically modified food (GMO) has been...
I selected pediatric obesity/overweight in Philadelphia, PA as the major problem for the discussion because the issue is associated with preventable morbidity and mortality affecting local communities. The national statistics demonstrate that the prevalence of obesity/overweight in the U.S. is 18.5% or 13.7 million individuals aged 2-19 years, with the...
Introduction Asthma is a respiratory disease accompanied by chronic inflammation of the airways and various symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest congestion, etcetera. The symptoms of the illness differ in frequency of occurrence and depend on the contact of triggering factors such as smoke, cold, the level of humidity,...
Beta-blockers such as metoprolol are used to treat hypertension, among other conditions. These drugs form the first line of treatment for hypertension (Dézsi & Szentes, 2017). Normally, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and catecholamine bind to beta-1 receptors leading to increased cardiac activity but, metoprolol, a cardio-selective inhibitor of beta-1 adrenergic receptors, alienate...
Cognitive Development at the Age of Four A mother should expect several significant cognitive changes in a 4-year-old child. Simply put, their cognition is undergoing rapid development. During this period, preschoolers begin to understand the phenomena associated with numbers, namely time and the idea of counting. Their memory develops, and...
Once a drug helpful in treating certain diseases has been developed, it is tested on laboratory animals. Then it is assessed how safe this medicine is for people. Further, the drug is tested on a much larger population suffering from a certain kind of disease. In a further study of...
People having a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) tend to be self-centered, self-conceited, and arrogant towards other individuals. NPD presumes a lack of empathy and excessive demand for admiration (TMA World, 2019). Others determine such people as reckless, manipulative, condescending, and fastidious. Such pattern of thinking and behaving manifests itself in...
Immunity is the body’s ability to suppress invading pathogens that cause infection. The two types of immunity for the body are adaptive immunity and natural immunity. Other subcategories of immunity include passive and active immunity (Gleichmann, 2020). Natural immunity within the body is caused without the intervention of humans. Adaptive...
The film And the Band Played On depicts the period when the episode of HIV and AIDS cleared across the United States and the rest of the world during the 1980s. Since the infection seemed to influence generally gay men, authorities at first called it gay-related resistant lack. Despite the...
Introduction The technological progress in robotics of the 21st century truly affected a lot of spheres of people’s life. Concerning medicine, robotic-assisted surgery was firstly approved in 2000, which led to its rapid expansion globally (Ahmad et al. 2017). By 2017, the use of robotic surgery had increased 10 to...
Changes to Performance over Time Between last year’s Q3 and the current year’s Q3, there has been a 16.5% increase in total revenues, whereas the total costs have grown by 12.4%. There is a positive variance for the net income since the latter has grown by 38% since the previous...
Introduction Many healthcare institutions in the world assist people with mental health problems. However, not all of them bring real benefits and work effectively due to inadequacies in management and treatment approaches. However, the use of case management can facilitate the development of such facilities and help patients. Consequently, this...
In their research, Black, D’Onise, McDermott, Vally, and O’Dea (2017) present a comparative survey of case studies on the correlation between school nutrition programs and child health. More specifically, this article looks at the impact of healthy eating and lifestyle programs and improved menus in school cafeterias on children’s dietary...
The study aims to investigate the clinical practice patterns of assessing and managing chronic contracted frozen shoulders in a population of physiotherapists in the United Arab Emirates. Numerous studies and related publications tend to confirm the importance of the topic under the current conditions, which justifies the relevance of the...
Frayling, T. M., Beaumont, R. N., Jones, S. E., Yaghootkar, H., Tuke, M. A., Ruth, K. S., & Wood, A. R. (2018). A common allele in FGF21 associated with sugar intake is the body shape, lower total body-fat percentage, and higher blood pressure. Cell Reports, 23(2), 327-336. Web. The fibroblast...
Is this an ethical dilemma or a moral dilemma? In this dilemma, ethical and moral principles are closely linked. Nurses have a responsibility to follow a code of ethical conduct, which includes moral principles such as loyalty, beneficence, and respect for patients’ dignity and self-determination (Fowler, 2015, 4.2). Ethics oblige...
The two forms of curriculum structure considered by the Curriculum Committee are relevant since they will each develop creative and rational ideas that would be embraced by the learning institution to accommodate the proposed changes. It is the responsibility of each committee to come up with ideas, and justify why...
Alice Ball was a Black chemist who discovered the most operative leprosy cure with an injectable oil extract in the 1940s. She not only became the first female to receive a Master’s degree but also the first African American to be a chemistry lecturer at the University of Hawaii. Ball...
Introduction: Anatomy of UTI Common catalyst bacteria: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Catalyst bacteria in CAUTI: UPEC, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Types of UTI CAUTI. Urethra infection (urethritis). Bladder infection (cystitis) – the most common. Kidney infection (pyelonephritis). Vaginal infection (vaginitis). Bloodstream infection. Symptoms and Risk Factors Symptoms: Dysuria. Urinary frequency...
Culture in Organizations Culture in an organization forms the foundation in trait development that is key to achieving business success. The model of ethics reiterates choosing options as a responsibility of the staff in coming up with lucrative outcomes (How Companies like Patagonia Align Culture with Policies & Procedures, 2020)....
Assessment David’s history and client records indicate that he was born prematurely. He required incubation after birth suffered from anoxia, massive intraventricular hemorrhage, developmental delays, brain damage, cerebral palsy, and two cardiac arrests. He later underwent shunt surgery to ease pressure on the brain with the approval of his parents....
Adderall Short-term effects of misusing Adderall include issues with sleep, Digestive complications such as constipation and nausea, Rapid heartbeat, Mood swings including irritability, anxiety and agitation, Headaches, Dry mouth, Rapid heart palpitations, Edginess, and Loss of appetite. Long-term effects include Headaches, Loss of weight, Weariness, Stomach complications, numbness of the...
Introduction The proper and regular use of oral care products is essential to maintaining good dental health and preventing common oral health concerns, such as gingivitis and excessive plaque. Due to an increasing number of toothbrush models in the market, patients with gingivitis may lose their way in the abundance...
In her post, Kristen Stock did a great job exploring the importance of EHRs in a clinical setting for effective data tracking. EHRs have indeed shown to be an essential part of the healthcare process because they provide relevant data on the basis of which the clinical team can define...
Unintended pregnancies occur as a result of unwanted or mistimed conception. This concept helps in the understanding of unmet family planning needs in the population. Many unintended pregnancies stem from the failure to use contraception or the inconsistent or incorrect use of it. In this regard, it becomes imperative that...
Introduction The COVID-19 lockdown has lasted for more than a year already in many nations around the world. The stated cause behind the decision to extend it to that degree is that it is still not safe for people to operate as they had before the pandemic. Several different vaccines...
Research Osmosis occurs because a more concentrated solution has a lower concentration of solvent molecules. A solution with a lower concentration can leak into it by diffusion and dilute it until the attention inside the membrane and outside it becomes the same (Saladin, 2020). The number of water molecules transferred...
This week’s material covered topics that I was unfamiliar with—for instance, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the controversy surrounding HRT, and the web of causation. Chapter 9’s readings centered on the difference between statistical inference and causal inference, the basic concepts of hypothesis formulation and testing, establishing casual associations, and much...
Introduction Human health is a very sensitive aspect and includes many pathological conditions. Some of these can develop adverse health effects. Thus, inherited diseases pose the greatest danger to the population because they can suppress the health of related individuals over time. Among the multitude of hereditary diseases, special attention...
Thank you for sharing your ideas on assessment tools used in geriatric social work practice. I also work with older adults and understand that adequate assessment is vital for effective treatment and positive outcomes. The choice of appropriate screening tools depends on a client’s presenting problem and treatment goals. Gehlert...
Introduction In the case of Shirley’s diagnosis, physiological stressors include musculoskeletal, neurological, and gastrointestinal implications of cancer treatment, particularly chemotherapy. The family has to be aware of all the side effects and the impact of treatment to adapt to these physiological changes. When it comes to mental health, it is...
Dementia Dementia is typically seen as one of the most difficult disorders to handle for an individual, as well as family members. Due to the impairment of cognitive functions and their increasing decline, dementia takes a tremendous toll both on a patient and family members due to the disruptions in...
Introduction The medical and ethical principle of self-determination allows a sick person the choice to forego treatment. This is the case for 41-year-old Ben, who has stage IV small cell lung cancer. There are numerous reasons that could have led to this decision. These reasons can be broadly categorized as...
Technological advances facilitate the way people perform their work and streamline internal processes in organizations, providing better efficiency and comfort. One of the examples of such innovations is the electronic medical or health records systems (EMR or EHR). They were introduced to U.S. healthcare in 2009 with the Health Information...
Introduction Nurse leaders must select the most effective style of leadership that will allow them to build productive relationships with the team members, as well as communicate with patients. Each leader has his or her personal preferences, but it is also important to be aware of all the existing leadership...
Medical diagnosis is an identification of a character of an illness and its specifics. This process demands gathering data about the state of the patient’s health, examining symptoms, and deciding about the necessary treatment. This last step might be proper only if the steps before were accomplished correctly. Otherwise, the...
Dear Manager, I am writing with concern regarding the issue of outsourcing clinical trials for the birth control patch. I have learned that a global healthcare company is considering outsourcing clinical trials for a new female birth control patch to an undeveloped country. I understand that the process would save...
What is readmission? It is an admission to a hospital during the first 30 days of discharge. It occurs either in the same hospital or another, but due to the same problem. Majorly caused by re-infection of the treated problem. And also ineffective discharge check-up before patients are sent home....
Introduction Depression is a common and serious mental health disorder that may be observed in people at every stage of life. It is characterized by mild, moderate, and severe impairments that influence people’s ability to complete their regular tasks. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2019), approximately 17.3...
This week’s topic is about engaging with primary care physicians to make it easier to fill out all the forms required for admitting participants to ADHD. Community practice is conducted at an adult day care center. Primary health care is the service that provides a guaranteed minimum of medical care....
The article provides data and arguments regarding the impact of small UFP particles released by jet planes on premature births among pregnant women in the area of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The scientific evidence proved that pregnant women from the highest quartile of average UFP exposure were 14% more...
In the context of the national opioid epidemic, the demand for treating Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) continues growing, especially in older populations. The impact of medical comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and neurobehavioral changes associated with the disorder contributes to the poor well-being of older adults (Cotton,...
A care coordination plan (CC) is an essential healthcare practice delivering the coherent organization of patients’ care activities and information interchange among all participants in patient care to guarantee satisfactory health outcomes. Due to such plans, medical providers can ensure that the related people are acquainted with the patient’s characteristics,...
In general, beta-blockers refer to a group of drugs that restrict the activation of β-adrenergic receptors and are primarily used to manage cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension, and to mitigate the consequences of heart attacks. Furthermore, this type of medication might be utilized to treat migraines, and performance anxiety (Gokick, 2019)....
The following article assesses the quantitative data conducted through multiple studies and research experiments that determine the relation between implemented music therapy and the wellbeing of patients with dementia in Italy. First cases of musical therapy administration in treatment for dementia in Italy appeared in the 1980s (Baroni, 2017). It...
Introduction The implementation of electronic health records (EHR) allowed medical establishments to keep a better track of their patients, diagnosis, billing statements, and other components of health care services that affect its delivery. However, the information stored in these systems should be confidential because it includes specific details about individuals,...
Introduction In recent years, the entire world has been experiencing a shift of triumphant aging. In the case of Canada, the aging population is in a continuous state of growth as the country records the highest number of people who are above 65 years (Sloane-Seale & Kops, 2017). Explicitly, the...
As one of the integral organs in the lymphatic system, the spleen is responsible for filtering the blood and removing damaged or old cells that could hurt the body. Because of unpredictable, traumatic injuries and the necessity to deal with a poorly functioning organ, a splenectomy is performed. Although a...
Protecting and improving public health is an essential and rather serious task of organizations, society, communities, and individuals. Informed choices and organized efforts allow to enhance the quality of life and prolong it. Since recovering from a disease is a complicated process that requires much money, time, and action, it...
Reasons for Increased Rates of Children Obesity since the 1960s Children’s stoutness has been on intensification since the 1960s compared to the 1930s. This upsetting growth means that kids’ fatness is more probable triggered by ecological rather than hereditary. Reasons that have fostered plumpness of children comprise rise in eating...
Medicine is built on the principle of putting forward hypotheses and testing them at a practical level. A qualified healthcare professional must know the theoretical rationale for solving a particular problem. Without a fundamental knowledge of biology, pharmacology, and human structural features, making a correct diagnosis is impossible. Consequently, the...
As per Price and Jhangiani (2018), ideas peculiar to informal observations include researchers’ direct observations and secondhand notes from non-academic sources, for instance, newspapers or books. It is my assumption that self-absorbed people automatically assume that their preferences in music are rare and that their peers prefer something more mainstream....
Aging is associated with a functional decline caused by cognitive and physical impairments and results in the difficulty or inability to perform activities of daily living, such as dressing or bathing. Declines in functioning occur due to decrements in key brain regions, resulting in the worsening of attention, memory, executive...
Introduction Healthcare organizations should strive to provide high-quality patient care. Hospital employees need to ensure that patients are safe from harm. Moreover, medical institutions should entrench a culture that ensures staff attends to client demands promptly for customer satisfaction. Additionally, the clinical team ought to integrate patients’ needs and preferences...
Public health is the science of promoting good health and preventing diseases in communities through policy-making, education, and research to prevent injury and illnesses. The government engages in public health through the judiciary, legislature and the executive spheres. A system of checks is provided by the constitution to enable every...
It is considered that sleep is the best way to rest, a source of good health and good mood, and it is necessary for a person at a physiological level. Alertness, performance, health, and even daily mood directly depend on sleep quality and duration. If people do not have enough...
Introduction The cardiovascular system is engaged in the circulation of blood through the body. Thanks to it, organs and tissues receive the necessary oxygen, as well as remove carbon dioxide and other harmful substances. That is why the importance of the cardiovascular system for the body is immeasurable; it is...
Many nurse leaders and managers employ a value-based care and leadership style that influences factors inside and outside their immediate work environment. Though most facilities employ fee-for-service and outcome-based models, nurse leaders use difficult situations to reevaluate the current system and create new roles and opportunities for the way their...
HIV Infection AIDS stands for “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome” which is an advanced stage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. AIDS is a chronic, life-threatening condition that results from HIV (Abraham, 2019). HIV interferes with the immune system by hindering the body’s ability to fight diseases and infections by destroying...
Introduction Nursing is one of the professions that are asymmetrically represented in terms of gender. This may be due to several factors including legal restrictions, exclusionary policies, social stereotypes, and self-induced restrictions. The history of nursing dates back as far as 250 BC when the first nursing school was established...
Introduction Glaucomas are a grouping of optic neuropathies typified by the progressive retinal ganglion cells’ degeneration. They are central nervous system’s (CNS) neurons whose cell bodies are located in the optic nerve’s inner retina and axons. The aforementioned nerves’ degeneration typically leads to visual loss and cupping, a typical optic...
The illnesses and disorders encountered by emergency medical personnel have a pathophysiological origin. It is not the responsibility of the paramedic to determine the specific cause of the disease, but it is the responsibility of the paramedic to identify the signs and symptoms and treat the patient appropriately based on...
Highest Priority Measurement The measurement that should have the highest priority and which must be instantly communicated to the RN is oxygen saturation. Low oxygen saturation implies that there are organs within the child’s body that do not receive sufficient oxygen, and the patient is at critical risk of developing...
Introduction In the face of the existing social hardships and constraints, older US minorities often face multiple difficulties. The situation is complicated if these vulnerable residents have physical or mental health problems. To assess the challenges of the target audience, relevant demographic characteristics will be considered, specific social and other...
Ebola Virus can be a future pandemic if the countries fail to contain it at its early stages. Currently, this epidemic has killed a good number of people, especially in the West African States. Therefore, this study paper aims to evaluate different measures that can be applied to reduce the...
The first article by Xiong (2019) is a collation of scientific literature to show the benefits of music therapy among college students with psychological issues. The article is a mere presentation of evidence without appraising it. Xiong (2019) asserts the role of music in alleviating stress and adjusting an individual’s...
The role of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) is to improve healthcare for individuals who are geographically isolated or vulnerable in terms of their medical or economic situations. The programs initiated by the organization aid populations in need of quality primary care, individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, single mothers,...
Proposition Step (THESIS) Everyone should support the legalization of marijuana in order to ascertain the resultant benefits. Attention Step Have you ever been found on the wrong side of the law by using marijuana? Remember an incident you observed or caught on news where and individual was sentenced or fined...
The Perfect Drug Depression causes sleep and eating disorders and deficiencies in cognition and energy, associated with thoughts of guilt, worthlessness, and suicide. Antidepressants are routinely among the three most widely prescribed types of medicines in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Katzung, 2017)....
In the nursing practice, mass media forms an integral component of health promotion practices in the community. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been a health issue globally in recent years, especially in older men. Thus, the nurses can use the mass media to create sensitization. Fernandez (2019) argues that health...
As the term implies, survival analysis studies are concerned with estimating the lifespan of a specific group under investigation. In cancer research, such studies address diverse questions, including the proportion of patients with specific cancer stages and disease sites whose life expectancy after the diagnosis exceeds five or ten years...
Atypical antipsychotics have been widely used in the treatment of psychotic disorders in recent decades. For Asher’s treatment, the use of risperidone would be recommended – in the form of FDA approved drug Risperdal. Risperidone is known to improve executive function, working memory, verbal and visual learning, and attention, which...
Introduction Issues of health in Africa have been of great concern to many organizations both local and foreign. These organizations are seeking ways and proposing to support the strengthening of African health system. In Africa, health system has suffered neglect for a long time and perhaps that is the reason...
The US takes first place in the world in the number of deaths caused by the coronavirus (Worldometer, 2021). The number of fatalities does not relate to the population size because the US is the third most populous country after China and India. China has more than 100 times fewer...
Conventional chemotherapy implies taking one or several medications at a time, which is accompanied by other cancer treatment measures, such as radiation therapy and surgery. It significantly increases the chances to cure a disease and continue to live healthily. However, the consequences of conventional chemotherapy may also be damaging to...
End-of-life decisions need to be discussed from ethical, cultural, religious, and health perspectives before a responsible person will make their final choice. Patients with irreversible diseases might experience moral dilemmas and question their personal values as they become unable to be active society’s members. In the given case, George was...
Introduction The research literature review paper demonstrates breast cancer screening in Australia, the government-funded program BreastScreen Australia, its cost-efficiency and benefit-harm balance, and suggestions for cancer screening improvement. BreastScreen Australia Without a doubt, breast cancer is a significant issue for society. Australia offers a government-funded cancer screening program focused on...
Introduction There are various reasons why people choose to be vegetarian. Being vegetarian has become easy and more appealing due to the availability of fresh farm products throughout the year and more dining options. Scientific researchers have recognized plant-based eating as nutritionally adequate and vital in reducing the risk of...
Introduction This paper aims to describe a clinical evaluation tool for assessing nursing students’ competency with taking blood pressures. The proposed tool uses the method of observation to evaluate students’ performance while measuring blood pressure. According to Oermann and Gaberson (2019), despite its wide use, observation is questionable in terms...
Most Common Pulmonary Diseases: An Overview Asthma. The airways are inflamed all of the time and may spasm, resulting in wheezing and shortness of breath. Asthma symptoms can be triggered by allergies, infections, or pollutants. COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When a person has this lung ailment,...
Exocrine gland dysfunction is the most common symptom of cystic fibrosis, a genetic illness caused by a mutation in a specific gene. A duct or aperture on the body’s surface is where exocrine glands secrete bodily secretions such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices. Sweat, lacrimal, salivary, mammary,...
Organ transplantation is an invaluable method practiced by many countries in order to save the lives of thousands of patients. While there exist legal means of obtaining an organ for transplantation, such as volunteer and deceased organ donorship, they have several disadvantages for individuals in urgent need of a transplant....
Introduction I will be presenting my research on Kidney Disease within the African American and Latino Communities. The research question is: “Could better-quality nursing education and the introduction of new data processing and education technologies significantly improve the health status of the African American and Latin American populations of people...
Introduction Diabetes is the general name for a group of metabolic diseases. Distinguish between diabetes mellitus, insipidus, renal, saline diabetes, and phosphate diabetes. The first type is the most common – diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease when the body experiences problems with insulin production or processing (De Boer et al.,...
The chosen article is titled “Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Three Modes of Treadmill Exercise in Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease” written by directors at the Texas Woman’s University (Rigby et al., 2018). The following study aimed to compare the response of acute cardiometabolic to three types of treadmill exercise in...
West Nile Virus Outbreak One of the outbreaks of infectious diseases that have been seen in the local community in the past few years was the West Nile virus (WNV). It is necessary to note that WNV is the top driver of disease of mosquito-borne origin in the United States....
Introduction A healthcare organization is a purposefully planned social facility that is structured to develop and enhance the delivery of healthcare services. The organizations are formed by specialized personnel with the aim of bettering the healthy living standards in society (Kaur, 2017). This essay focuses on United Healthcare Corporation by...
Lack of organ donation is a significant problem in the United States that influence mortality. Thousands of Americans die each year while waiting for an organ transplant that could have saved their lives. At the same time, many people who could donate their organs after their death do not become...
Abstract The high incidence of residual paralysis in the post-anesthesia care unit is a problem that needs evidence-based change in a large tertiary medical center. Side effects, including incomplete neuromuscular recovery, increase the length of stay and can occasion permanent brain damage or death due to respiratory complications. A guideline...
Summary Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is an important and urgent problem. It is a “chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose” (WHO, 2016, p. 11). Every 10-15 years, the prevalence rates of the disease double, and in 2015, more than 5 million people died from diabetes (Stanhope &...
The nursing profession is sensitive, and it requires one to abide by the ethical principles to be successful. Nurses are accountable to society, their profession, employers, healthcare consumers, clients, or patients. Concerning Mr. Cole’s case, the nurse’s role is to help the patient and their families understand the consequences of...
Myelin sheath is a sleeve of fatty tissue aimed to protect nerve cells. Thus, the main function of the myelin is to shield fibers that are “the long threadlike part of a nerve cell” (Smith, 2019, para. 4). This myelin sheath has an important role in transmitting nerve impulses, allowing...
The book, The Forgetting – A Portrait of Alzheimer’s, reveals some important facts about Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In an attempt to demystify some early notions about the disease, the author, David Shenk, outlines how the disease got discovered and its development in the patient’s brain. He also explores the actions...
Introduction Various medical conditions associated with the impairment of proper kidney functioning can severely undermine the quality of life of patients. In such situations, a necessity for effective treatment arises in order to prolong the life of the person and reduce the negative effects of their disease. Conditions such as...
Ethical values guide how human beings should interact with each other. Moreover, moral values ensure that stakeholders in healthcare function to benefit patients. According to Doherty and Purtilo (2015), healthcare practitioners often encounter ethical dilemmas in the course of practice. Consequently, applying ethical theories and values becomes an invaluable resource...
Introduction Osteoporosis is a congenital metabolic bone disease that is characterized by osteoclasts’ failure to resorb bone. This failure makes the bone modeling and remodeling have an impairment that causes the bones brittle and weak. The most common part of the bone to be fractured is the wrist, hip, or...
Introduction This dangerous bacterium was found in the oral cavity of pets. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative bacillus that evades the immune system’s attacks by producing toxins. The pathogen disrupts the work of blood vessels, causing the formation of small hemorrhages, organ failure, and gangrene (Hannon et al., 2017). These...
The World Health Organization has failed to reduce tuberculosis cases as per the target rate (Mahmud et al., 2020). It reports that the failure to decrease the tuberculosis rate is associated with resource scarcity, instability, and generalized human immunodeficiency conditions. Ethical issues at times raise a conflict of interest between...
Healthcare organizations are increasingly moving from patients’ paper charts to digital electronic health records (EHR) and electronic medical records (EMR). As such, the EHRs system has become a vital component of information technology in hospitals. Within our clinical setting, the EMR contains the medical history of the patients, diagnoses, treatment,...
Mr. Bowen is 64 years old. He has been very healthy by report and very active working as a farmer. He had a right-sided cerebral vascular accident (CVA) 14 days ago and currently has a moderate leg weakness with a more significant arm weakness, slurred speech, and mild dysphagia (swallowing...
The topic of unhealthy eating is a significant issue because it affects nationwide public health through obesity and other metabolic diseases worsening the population’s well-being and incurring massive healthcare costs as well as decreasing the overall quality of life for millions of Americans. In How Junk Food Can End Obesity,...
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are a gathering of indications that can happen in individuals taking antipsychotic drugs. There four sorts of this condition. Akathisia is an inclination of fretfulness, making it difficult to plunk down or keep still (D’Souza & Hooten, 2020). Side effects incorporate tapping fingers, shaking, and crossing and...
Introduction When people change their places of work or just begin their career paths, they have to be ready to follow special norms and values, which usually requires investigation and analysis. Entering a profession is associated with adaptation, studying the expected roles, and understanding of self in a new environment...
Childbirth is the most striking and essential event in most people’s lives; a healthy lifestyle and self-care characterize normal fetal development. One must remember that heredity and the environment combine factors that affect average growth (Berk, 2017). For normal child development, a number of rules should be followed. They include...
The strategy and tactics of choosing a particular method of pharmacotherapy in psychiatric practice are mainly determined by the disease itself, the presence of comorbidities, and the risks of negative side effects. As in any field of medicine, in psychiatry, it is also necessary to take into account the entire...
3D printing is a technology that builds many successive layers of raw material to complete a three-dimensional object according to the predesigned model. The implementation of 3D printing in medicine deserves particular attention because it can cure conditions not responding to conventional treatment. For example, this technology is used to...
Engaged with a desire to understand whether the absence of pain is possible, Eula Biss develops the topic of the subjectivity of the pain scale and, in this way, tries to cope with her pain. The description of the chronic pain experience presented in The Pain Scale is very poetic...
Introduction The integumentary system serves critical duties in the body since it is the system that holds the human skin, the largest organ of the body. The skin remains exposed daily to harm but acts in protecting the inner organs from any damage, being the outermost organ. Therefore, any injury...
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