Introduction
Mr. C. is a 32-year-old single male who is obese and looking for information on bariatric surgery. During the previous six months, he has complained of shortness of breath, swollen ankles, and pruritus, among other symptoms. According to the objective data, the patient has high blood pressure, high glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, 3+ pitting edema in both feet and ankles and renal failure. This work assesses potential health risks associated with obesity, the appropriateness of bariatric surgery, functional health patterns, renal disease stages leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and prevention and health promotion opportunities.
Subjective and Objective Clinical Manifestations
Mr. C. claims to be overweight and gained 100 pounds in the previous 2-3 years. He suffers from sleep apnea and high blood pressure, which he manages by limiting his salt intake. Mr. C.’s new symptoms of shortness of breath, swollen ankles, and pruritus suggest he may have acquired heart failure due to his obesity and high blood pressure. Mr. C. also has raised blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, suggesting an increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Health Risks Associated with Obesity
Mr. C. reports experiencing sleep apnea and high blood pressure, which he attempts to treat by limiting his salt intake. Obesity raises the risk of various health issues, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, and cancer (Gaesser & Angadi, 2021). Obesity is related to higher blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and kidney dysfunction, all of which are significant health problems.
Appropriateness of Bariatric Surgery
Mr. C. may benefit from bariatric surgery since it can help him achieve considerable and lasting weight reduction, lower his risk of developing obesity-related health issues, and enhance his quality of life. Nonetheless, there are dangers and probable consequences with bariatric surgery (Lee & Son 2021). It should be explored after all other weight-loss treatments have failed and after thorough patient screening and evaluation.
Functional Health Patterns
‘Functional health patterns’ refers to an individual’s health condition in many categories. Mr. C.’s available health trends are as follows: Mr. C. considers himself to be overweight and needs assistance in losing weight. Mr. C. reports limiting dietary salt to regulate his high blood pressure. Mr. C. has high blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, indicating metabolic dysfunction, according to objective data. Mr. C. reports experiencing renal impairment, which might impair elimination function (Rysz et al., 2020). Mr. C. says he has shortness of breath during exertion, suggesting that he may have restricted exercise tolerance due to his obesity and heart disease.
Actual or Potential Problems
Mr. C. may be getting insufficient nourishment due to his salt limitation, which might harm his health. Mr. C. has metabolic dysfunction puts him at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Gaesser & Angadi, 2021). Elimination: Mr. C.’s renal failure may produce fluid and electrolyte imbalances, leading to other health issues. Mr. C.’s poor exercise tolerance may lead to greater deconditioning and a lower quality of life. The following actual or potential concerns can be found by assessing Mr. C.’s functional health patterns. Mr. C. is concerned about his health, as seen by his search for details about bariatric surgery for his weight. This might be connected to his lousy self-perception due to his weight and concurrent health issues (Rysz et al., 2020). Mr. C. has a history of gaining weight, and his present measures indicate obesity. His blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels are all high, suggesting poor metabolic control. He may benefit from dietary advice and weight loss strategies to control his metabolic health.
Mr. C. experiences shortness of breath during physical exertion and has 3+ pitting edema in his feet and ankles, indicating impaired cardiovascular and circulation function. A planned fitness regimen might help him enhance his cardiovascular health and prevent edema (Rysz et al., 2020). Mr. C. complains of sleep apnea, which he believes is related to his weight. This might be affecting his sleep and general wellness. Coping-stress tolerance: Mr. C. may be stressed due to his health issues and significance. Stress management therapies may help him improve his coping abilities and lessen the impact of stress on his health.
The Phases of Renal Disease that Lead to ESRD
Stage 1: Normal GFR with kidney injury (GFR >90 mL/min). Stage 2: Kidney injury with modestly reduced GFR (60-89 mL/min), GFR is rather reduced in stage 3 (GFR 30-59 mL/min). GFR severely decreased (GFR 15-29 mL/min). Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR of less than 15 mL/min or dialysis). Mr. C. has stage 4 renal disease, as shown by his creatinine level of 1.8 mg/dL and BUN level of 32 mg/dL. His history of hypertension, which can damage the kidneys over time, and his obesity, which can lead to metabolic abnormalities that impair renal function, may have contributed to his ESRD. Mr. C. should get patient education on managing his blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels, weight loss, and dietary treatments to manage his metabolic health to prevent future incidents and promote health restoration (Lee & Son, 2021). He should also be educated on taking his meds as recommended and follow up with frequent medical assessments.
Conclusion
For nonacute treatment, ESRD patients, like Mr. C., may benefit from a multidisciplinary approach with a team of healthcare experts, including a nephrologist, dietician, social worker, and pharmacist. This team can give coordinated treatment and assistance to ESRD patients to address their complicated medical and social demands. Transportation aid for medical visits, financial assistance programs for drugs and supplies, and home healthcare services to manage symptoms and support activities of daily living may be accessible to ESRD patients. Vocational rehabilitation programs, which can assist ESRD patients in navigating job possibilities and accommodations, may resolve return-to-work concerns.
References
Rysz, J., Franczyk, B., Ławiński, J., & Gluba-Brzózka, A. (2020). Oxidative stress in ESRD patients on dialysis and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants, 9(11), 1079. Web.
Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2021). Obesity treatment: Weight loss versus increasing fitness and physical activity for reducing health risks. IScience, 24(10), 102995. Web.
Lee, H.-J., & Son, Y.-J. (2021). Prevalence and associated factors of frailty and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3471. Web.