Health Promotion Model and Its Application in Nursing Practice

History of the Health Promotion Model

  • The model was developed by Nola Pender in 1982 (Khoshnood et al., 2020).
  • It was renovated and re-published in 1996 and 2002 (Khoshnood et al., 2020).
  • It was widely incorporated into nursing research and practice.
  • The model was created to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection” (Gonzalo, 2019, para. 20).
  • The information was collected through extensive observations and practice.

Key tenets of the theory

  • Health is a positive dynamic condition and not only the absence of diseases.
  • Health promotion aims to improve the general well-being of patients (Masters, 2018).
  • The model describes the interaction of people within their environment.
  • People continually pursue to improve their health.
  • Each individual has a certain experience that leads them to the subsequent decision-making.

Major assumptions

  • Individuals try to regulate and control their behavior.
  • Environment transforms individuals when they interact (Masters, 2018).
  • People transform their environment when they interact (Masters, 2018).
  • Health professionals influence a person throughout their lifespan.
  • Behavior change requires a spontaneous reconfiguration of interactive human-environment patterns.

Individual experiences as a key concept

  • It includes personal factors and prior behavioral patterns.
  • “Personal factors can be classified as biological, psychological, and socio-cultural” (Gonzalo, 2019, para. 28).
  • These factors predict a person’s conduct depending on its nature.
  • They include age, mass, race, ethnicity, self-esteem, and other related variables.
  • Individual experiences form people’s tendency to act differently to changes.

Behavior-specific knowledge (cognitions) and affect as a key concept

  • This concept is comprised of perceived barriers to action, benefits of action, activity-related affect, self-efficacy interpersonal and situational impacts.
  • These variables are responsible for performing any activity.
  • They focus on the ability or inability of one to execute a specific behavior.
  • Increased self-efficacy reduces barriers to action.
  • “Activity-related affect influences perceived self-efficacy, which means the more positive the subjective feeling, the greater the sense of efficacy” (Gonzalo, 2019, para. 35).

Behavioral outcomes as a key concept

  • This concept is composed of commitment to an action plan, immediate competing demands and preferences, and health-preserving behaviors.
  • A properly set intention leads to more conscious health related-choices.
  • The environment presents competing demands since it influences a person.
  • Individuals have control over competing preferences.
  • Health-preserving behaviors result in health fulfillment.

Application of the model in nursing practice

  • The model can be used to prevent diseases and health-related infections or injuries.
  • Nurses may consult clients to promote well-being.
  • It is used to explain the patients’ risk factors.
  • Nurses should plan for behavior modification with the aim of assisting in health improvement.
  • Nurses may prevent unhealthy behaviors.

General impact of the theory

  • The model has had an impact on increasing health awareness.
  • Hospitals started to educate staff on how to promote health-related behaviors.
  • Patients’ well-being underwent positive changes.
  • The value of a healthy lifestyle has become more significant.
  • The model impacted other nursing theories.

    9. Theory’s influence on evidence-based practice

  • Health Promotion Model has impacted workplace health promotion.
  • Workplace health promotion programs are financially and medically beneficial.
  • Nurses are becoming leaders in providing well-being promotion knowledge.
  • Increased disease prevention has been identified as a theory’s strength (Khoshnood et al., 2020).
  • It helped to investigate the major causes of specific diseases.

Recommendations for Health Promotion Model application

  • It is necessary to evaluate all health variables to develop proper interventions.
  • It is vital to consider various limitations.
  • A plan of action should be based upon the patient’s preferences.
  • A person can modify their own plan of action.
  • A nurse must focus on both health promotion and disease prevention.

References

Gonzalo, A. (2019). Nola Pender: Health Promotion Model. Nurselab. Web.

Khoshnood, Z., Rayyani, M., & Tirgari, B. (2020). Theory analysis for Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) by Barnum’s criteria: A critical perspective. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 32(4). Web.

Masters, K. (2018). Role development professional nursing practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

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NursingBird. (2024, January 27). Health Promotion Model and Its Application in Nursing Practice. https://nursingbird.com/health-promotion-model-and-its-application-in-nursing-practice/

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"Health Promotion Model and Its Application in Nursing Practice." NursingBird, 27 Jan. 2024, nursingbird.com/health-promotion-model-and-its-application-in-nursing-practice/.

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NursingBird. (2024) 'Health Promotion Model and Its Application in Nursing Practice'. 27 January.

References

NursingBird. 2024. "Health Promotion Model and Its Application in Nursing Practice." January 27, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/health-promotion-model-and-its-application-in-nursing-practice/.

1. NursingBird. "Health Promotion Model and Its Application in Nursing Practice." January 27, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/health-promotion-model-and-its-application-in-nursing-practice/.


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NursingBird. "Health Promotion Model and Its Application in Nursing Practice." January 27, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/health-promotion-model-and-its-application-in-nursing-practice/.