Common colds can be quite stressful and can result in discomfort. It is caused by different viruses, with the common culprit being rhinovirus. One can get infected with the common cold through droplet contact with an infected person. Symptoms include occasional fever, runny nose, congestion, sneezing, coughing, sore throat, muscle fatigue, and headache (Hayes, 2021). These occur regardless of the type of virus bringing the common cold.
The cold last from seven to ten days, depending on one’s immunity (Hayes, 2021). The incubation period ranges from twelve to seventy-two hours, depending on the virus type. The interval between infection and the manifestation of the first symptoms is referred to as the incubation period (Hayes, 2021). Adenovirus has a more extended incubation period of five days, while rhinovirus has an incubation period of twenty-four to forty-eight hours.
There are three main stages in the lifecycle of the common cold. The first stage lasts for about one to three days, depending on the virus type. This stage is marked by a sore throat, where one feels irritation and a scratchy sensation in the throat. Sneezing and watery discharge are common early symptoms in the first stage (Hayes, 2021). During this stage, intake of fluids and zinc supplements helps reduce the discomfort caused by the cold.
The fourth to seventh days of the cold constitute the second stage. This is when people report that their symptoms have worsened and reached a peak compared to stage one. Fever is the most prevalent symptom, which affects children more than adults (Hayes, 2021). It is the body’s hotness and is ascertained when temperatures are above 37.5 degrees. The nasal discharge, which had started in the first stage, begins to change color and become thicker. The thick nasal discharge results in congestion of the nostrils and is described as a nasal blockage by most people. When congestion is not addressed, complications such as sinus infections, middle ear infections, and pneumonia can ensue (Hayes, 2021). Over-the-counter drugs such as acetaminophen and decongestants can help manage fevers and control congestion.
The third stage of a common cold lasts from the seventh day after infection until the symptoms have subsided (Hayes, 2021). Most people feel the resolution of their symptoms from the seventh day, but this depends on the type of virus causing the infection. However, the post-infectious cough may develop after recovery from the common cold and take eight weeks. Post-infectious cough is a persistent cough that is not typically contagious as long as the symptoms are suppressed.
The common cold is preventable through various measures that are simple to follow. Firstly, washing hands frequently for at least twenty seconds significantly prevents the spread of infection. Use of plain water and soap and paying attention to fingernails and between nails goes a long way in preventing the common cold. It is vital to avoid touching the face as the virus enters the body through the mucous membrane in the nose and mouth.
Keeping household surfaces clean by wiping with disinfectant cleaners helps prevent the spread of the infection. The use of disinfectant cleaners to avoid common cold conditions also applies to toys used by children (Hayes, 2021). A healthy lifestyle, though underestimated, helps prevent the spread of the common cold. A healthy lifestyle entails avoiding smoking, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, exercising regularly, and sleeping adequately. Fruits, especially vitamin c, help the body to have a strong immunity and fight infections.
In conclusion, the common cold is caused by different viruses, with rhinovirus being common. There are three main stages in the life cycle of the common cold. Symptoms of the common cold include coughing, sore throat, fever, fatigue, and watery discharge. The severity of the symptoms increases as the infection progresses. Common cold can be prevented by hand washing, cleaning household surfaces, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Reference
Hayes K. (2021). Lifecycle of the common cold: How long does it last? Very Well Health. Web.