Introduction
Nurses perform a variety of roles that are both varied and beneficial at all three levels of prevention. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) defines nurses’ roles as “autonomous” and collaborative care of people of all ages, families, groups, and communities, ill or healthy, and in all contexts (Hertz & Santy-Tomlinson, 2018). Nursing duties include health promotion, disease prevention, and care for the sick, handicapped, and dying. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, and in-patient treatment, administration of health systems, and training are all important nursing responsibilities. The Master of Science in Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) program involves such activities as integrating theories, research, and experiential learning into advanced family nursing practice. The course also involves demonstrating advanced practice nursing abilities in the delivery of healthcare to individuals throughout their lifetime. The FNP, in particular, should be able to contribute to the advancement of family advanced practice nursing through evidence-based practice (EBP), policy, and education. This study presents nursing philosophy through a worldview and its application using Roy’s adaptation model theory, nurse-patient relationship model, and Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory to define the role of the FNP.
Conceptual framework: Roy’s Adaptation Model
Roy’s Adaptation Model is a broad nursing theory based on the idea that a person may adapt to internal and external pressures in their environment, and that their behavior is a measure of their health and capacity to cope (Younas & Quennell, 2019). This research employed Roy’s adaptation model as a framework to assess nursing students’ emotional intelligence before and after emotional intelligence instruction. A high level of emotional intelligence is defined by knowledge of oneself in relation to their environment and relationships with others, in this instance interaction within a family unit. Researchers hypothesize that strong emotional intelligence is connected with lower levels of stress, owing to people’s abilities to manage themselves and others.
The reason for selecting this theory is that “family” is a term in its paradigm. Aside from family, additional elements influencing the theory’s development are education, religious background, mentors, and clinical practice. These characteristics are critical for the clinical diagnosis of FNP. According to Roy’s concept, a person is a bio-psycho-social entity that is constantly in contact with an ever-changing environment (Younas & Quennell, 2019). To adapt, he or she employs both natural and learned systems. People are represented in the model as individuals as well as groups such as families, corporations, and societies. FNP’s purpose is to enhance adaptation in all four adaptive modes. Roy’s Adaptation Model’s Four Adaptive Modes include physiologic requirements, self-concept, role function, and interdependence (Younas & Quennell, 2019). As such, FNPs should encourage adaptation in the four adaptive modes for people and communities, therefore contributing to health, and quality of life.
The Nurse-patient Relationship Theoretical Model
Theoretical models are used to clarify nurses’ roles in clinical practice. The nurse-patient relationship model serves as the foundation for contact between a nurse and a patient. The nurse-patient connection concept is made up of numerous parts. For example, boundaries are an essential feature of the model because they reflect invisible structures enforced by legal, ethical, and professional nursing norms (Roche & Jones, 2021). These boundaries guarantee that the relationship’s emphasis stays on the client’s requirements. According to Roche and Jones (2021), a “boundary breach” is any activity or conduct in a nurse-client interaction that directly benefits the nurse at the expense of the client. As a result, the boundary serves a defined function and has a quality healthcare objective. Another feature of the approach is confidentiality, which makes the interaction secure and builds trust. According to Molina-Mula and Gallo-Estrada (2020), the patient should be at ease when providing personal information and asking questions. As a consequence, the nurse should only share information with professional employees who need to know the client and acquire written consent from the client before providing data to those outside the treatment team.
Nurses are supposed to constantly behave in the best interests of the patient in order to establish a connection that is only for the client’s advantage. While being professional, the nurse must guarantee that their client’s requirements are addressed. Extensive research and clinical observation have revealed that the body, mind, and emotions are all inextricably linked. To aid another person, one must consider all of these factors, which include not abandoning the individual and rigorously addressing the condition. Furthermore, communication is essential in FNP and plays a vital role in the nurse-patient relationship model (Singh et al., 2019). According to Singh et al. (2019), therapeutic nurse-patient contact is an important part of the FNP’s job involvement. Therapeutic dialogue serves both the patient and the nurse. Nurse report increased work satisfaction when they communicate positively with patients with diverse sexual orientations (Manzer et al., 2018). Therefore, greater patient communication boosts the nurse’s capacity to execute their work efficiently, which promotes job satisfaction. It is a cycle in which therapeutic communication results in a positive partnership that enhances patient and nurse contentment, allowing nurses to continue their therapeutic actions.
Peplau’s Theory
Peplau’s theory, a middle-range theory, is relevant to the nurse-client relationship, with one of its primary features being that both the nurse and the client gain knowledge and maturity throughout the course of their connection. The man, health, society, or environment, and nursing as a profession are among the key motifs in Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory (Forchuk, 2021). Peplau characterizes man as an entity that strives to reduce tension generated by needs in its own way.
In Peplau’s theory, the client is a person with a perceived need, all nursing behaviors should promote the patient’s goals while simultaneously meeting the expectations of the family. As per Forchuk (2021), although Peplau does not address society or the surroundings directly, she does advise nurses to consider the patient’s culture and mores as the patient adapts to the hospital routine. In this case, Hildegard Peplau believes that nursing is a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process (Wasaya et al., 2021). She describes it as a human relationship between a sick person and someone in need of health care. Therefore, the FNP should be taught to listen for and respond to calls for help.
Hildegard Peplau felt that the connection was dependent on the interplay of each person’s ideas, emotions, and behaviors, and that the patient would have greater health if all of their individual requirements were properly recognized in the partnership. Through Peplau’s theory, the nurse-patient connection allows FNPs to spend more time with their patients, connect with them, communicate with them, and understand their requirements (Roney et al., 2021). It helps FNPs develop a unique perspective on the significance of the patient’s condition, as well as the beliefs and preferences of patients and families. As a result, patients and their families may feel appreciated, and they may be more inclined to open up to nurses and collaborate to achieve better results and satisfaction.
From the above diagram (see Figure 1), Peplau conceived specific sets of nurse duties in her study that every nurse might apply in their practice. These include: values, culture, and competence among other sets of nurse’s duties. On the other side, the Peplau’s patient contains such characteristics as beliefs, family, and expectations or needs. Based on Peplau’s philosophy, a nurse’s role is not merely to care, but that the profession involves any activities that may impact the patient’s care (Wasaya et al., 2021). As such, the nurse-patient interconnects to the grand theory of Roy’s Adaptation model to inform the general management of mental health issues, in this case, the FNP as an advanced nursing role in the future. Therefore, Roy’s Adaptation Model is not confined to certain groups of people. It may be used by anybody who is competent and willing to communicate, thus, critical in FNP as an advanced nursing role.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the goal of nursing, according to the Roy adaptation model, is to promote compliance and life expectancy. The Roy Adaptation Model assesses the patient in four modes: physiology, self-concept, role function, and interdependence, with the goal of providing holistic treatment. Increasing adaptability during health and illness increases the interaction of the environment and human systems, hence improving the quality of healthcare. In this case, Roy Adaptation Model integrates nurse-patient relationships to guarantee that the patient receives optimal treatment. On the other hand, Peplau’s theory has been widely used by nurse theorists and clinicians in the development of more complex and therapeutic nursing treatments. Peplau’s theory implies that a nurse’s responsibility extends beyond just providing care to include any action that may have an impact on the client’s health. Studying Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory of Nursing may be highly beneficial, particularly for those who want to enter the profession. Knowing the nursing roles allows future nurses to apply for various responsibilities in diverse settings, ensuring their patients receive the best care possible, and ultimately accelerating treatment and recovery.
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